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一、 what 引导名词性从句的基本含义
what 引导名词性从句可在句中作主语、宾语和表语，分别称为主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。此时what表示“……的内容”。
(一) 引导主语从句，在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语。
【典型考例】
1._____made the school proud was_____more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A. What; because B. What; that
C. That; what D. That; because
【思路点拨】 答案为B。 What引导主语从句，在从句中作主语；that引导表语从句，在表语从句中起连接作用。
2._____she couldn’t understand was fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons._____
A. What; why B. That; what
C. What; because D. Why; that
【思路点拨】 答案为A。主语从句she couldn’t understand 缺少宾语，要用what 引导。表语从句fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons这种现象是明摆着的，她不会不知道，她不知道的是出现这一现象的原因，因此，要用why 引导。故选A。
【注】 有时为了保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，放在句首，用what连接的主语从句作真正主语放句末。
3. It’s pretty well understood_____ controls the flow of carbon dioxidein today.
A. that B. when C. what D. how
【思路点拨】 答案为C。引导主语从句，what在从句中作主语。
（二） 引导表语从句，在从句中充当主语、表语或宾语。
【典型考例】
4. —Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
—Oh, that’s_____ .
A. what makes me feel excited
B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it
D. when I feel excited
【思路点拨】 答案为A。此题考查what 引导表语从句，在表语从句中作主语。
5. Perseverance is a kind of quality and that’s_____it takes to do anything well.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
【思路点拨】 答案为A。这是一个表语从句，what 在表语从句中作takes的宾语。构成It takes sth to do sth 的句型。译文：毅力是一种品质，要做好任何事情都需要毅力。
（三） 引导宾语从句，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
【典型考例】
6. People have heard what the president has said; they are waiting to see_____ he will do.
A. how B. what C. when D. that
【思路点拨】 答案为B。此题考查what引导的宾语从句，在从句中作do的宾语。
7. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule. Always give the monkey_____he wants.
A. what B. which C. when D. that
【思路点拨】 答案为A。这是一个宾语从句，wants后面缺少宾语，所以要填写what。译文：当你在找工作面试回答问题时，请记住这条黄金定律：永远给予对方想要的东西。
8. A computer can only do_____you have instructed it to do.
A. how B. after C. what D. when
【思路点拨】 答案为C。这是宾语从句，宾语从句中to do 缺少宾语，所以要选择what。
二、 what 引导名词性从句的创新含义
what 引导名词性从句有创新含义，表示“……的价格、方法、地方、速度、人”等。
【典型考例】
9. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for_____he thought was not enough.
A. where B. how C. what D. which
【思路点拨】 答案为C。由sell for可以推断该空表示“……的价格”。故应选what引导的宾语从句。
10. The way he did it was different_____ we were used to.
A. in which B. in what
C. from what D. from which
【思路点拨】 答案为C。分析句子结构可知，该空作介词宾语，借助The way 可以推断，该空表示“不同于……的方法”。故应选C项，what引导宾语从句。
11. A modern city has been set up in_____was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. what B. which
C. that D. where
【思路点拨】 答案为A。借助a wasteland 可以推断，该空表示“……的地方”，故应选what引导宾语从句。
12. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at_____I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
【思路点拨】 答案为C。借助a dangerous speed 可以推断，该空表示“……的速度”，故应选what引导宾语从句。
13. You are quite wrong, Tom is’t_____he used to be any longer.
A. that B. who C. what D. whom
【思路点拨】 答案为C。借助Tom 表人的语境逻辑可以推断，该空表示“……的人”， 故应选what引导表语从句。
三、 what 引导名词性从句应用陈述语序
what 引导名词性从句不同于特殊疑问句，应用陈述语序。
【典型考例】
14. No one can be sure_____in a millon years.
A. what man will look like
B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what
D. what look will man like
【思路点拨】 答案为A。分析语境含义和句子结构可知，空白处为宾语从句，应采用陈述语序。
四、 what引导由感叹句转换而来的宾语从句的用法
what引导感叹句时可转换成宾语从句，此时what常含“多么……”之意。
【典型考例】
15. I was surprised by her words,which made me recognize_____ silly mistakes I had made.
A. that B. how C. what D. which
【思路点拨】 答案为C。分析句子结构可知，该空为recognize的宾语部分，且含有“多么……”之意。因此应选what引导由感叹句转换而来的宾语从句。
【巩固练习】
1．_____ we can’t get seems better than_____ we have.
A. What; what B. What; that
C. That; that D. That; what
2. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer_____it was 20 years ago.
A. what B. that C. when D. where
3. The photographs will show you_____ .
A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
4. I knew nothing about the accident_____Iread in the newspaper.
A. except that B. except what
C. besides what D. besides that
5. Those who were left alone in the cave knew better than the others_____sounds bats in the dark made.
A. that frightening B. which frightening
C. what frightening D. how frightening
6. —The basketball team is in the playoffs.I’ll watch it on TV. Do you want to come over?
—Actually I have a ticket, but I’m not feeling well.You can have it for_____it cost me.
A. that B. which C. how D. what
7. She did not know_____had happened.
A. what B. when C. how D. why
8. Determination is a kind of basic quality and this is_____it takes to do jobs well.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
9. The soldiers soon reached_____was once an old temple.
A. which B. what C. where D. that
10. They paid to the state fifty percent of_____they were able to earn.
A. that B. what C. which D. whom
Keys: 1. A2. A3. B4. B5. C6. D7. A8. A9. B10. B
what 引导名词性从句可在句中作主语、宾语和表语，分别称为主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。此时what表示“……的内容”。
(一) 引导主语从句，在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语。
【典型考例】
1._____made the school proud was_____more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A. What; because B. What; that
C. That; what D. That; because
【思路点拨】 答案为B。 What引导主语从句，在从句中作主语；that引导表语从句，在表语从句中起连接作用。
2._____she couldn’t understand was fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons._____
A. What; why B. That; what
C. What; because D. Why; that
【思路点拨】 答案为A。主语从句she couldn’t understand 缺少宾语，要用what 引导。表语从句fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons这种现象是明摆着的，她不会不知道，她不知道的是出现这一现象的原因，因此，要用why 引导。故选A。
【注】 有时为了保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，放在句首，用what连接的主语从句作真正主语放句末。
3. It’s pretty well understood_____ controls the flow of carbon dioxidein today.
A. that B. when C. what D. how
【思路点拨】 答案为C。引导主语从句，what在从句中作主语。
（二） 引导表语从句，在从句中充当主语、表语或宾语。
【典型考例】
4. —Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
—Oh, that’s_____ .
A. what makes me feel excited
B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it
D. when I feel excited
【思路点拨】 答案为A。此题考查what 引导表语从句，在表语从句中作主语。
5. Perseverance is a kind of quality and that’s_____it takes to do anything well.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
【思路点拨】 答案为A。这是一个表语从句，what 在表语从句中作takes的宾语。构成It takes sth to do sth 的句型。译文：毅力是一种品质，要做好任何事情都需要毅力。
（三） 引导宾语从句，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
【典型考例】
6. People have heard what the president has said; they are waiting to see_____ he will do.
A. how B. what C. when D. that
【思路点拨】 答案为B。此题考查what引导的宾语从句，在从句中作do的宾语。
7. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule. Always give the monkey_____he wants.
A. what B. which C. when D. that
【思路点拨】 答案为A。这是一个宾语从句，wants后面缺少宾语，所以要填写what。译文：当你在找工作面试回答问题时，请记住这条黄金定律：永远给予对方想要的东西。
8. A computer can only do_____you have instructed it to do.
A. how B. after C. what D. when
【思路点拨】 答案为C。这是宾语从句，宾语从句中to do 缺少宾语，所以要选择what。
二、 what 引导名词性从句的创新含义
what 引导名词性从句有创新含义，表示“……的价格、方法、地方、速度、人”等。
【典型考例】
9. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for_____he thought was not enough.
A. where B. how C. what D. which
【思路点拨】 答案为C。由sell for可以推断该空表示“……的价格”。故应选what引导的宾语从句。
10. The way he did it was different_____ we were used to.
A. in which B. in what
C. from what D. from which
【思路点拨】 答案为C。分析句子结构可知，该空作介词宾语，借助The way 可以推断，该空表示“不同于……的方法”。故应选C项，what引导宾语从句。
11. A modern city has been set up in_____was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. what B. which
C. that D. where
【思路点拨】 答案为A。借助a wasteland 可以推断，该空表示“……的地方”，故应选what引导宾语从句。
12. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at_____I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
【思路点拨】 答案为C。借助a dangerous speed 可以推断，该空表示“……的速度”，故应选what引导宾语从句。
13. You are quite wrong, Tom is’t_____he used to be any longer.
A. that B. who C. what D. whom
【思路点拨】 答案为C。借助Tom 表人的语境逻辑可以推断，该空表示“……的人”， 故应选what引导表语从句。
三、 what 引导名词性从句应用陈述语序
what 引导名词性从句不同于特殊疑问句，应用陈述语序。
【典型考例】
14. No one can be sure_____in a millon years.
A. what man will look like
B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what
D. what look will man like
【思路点拨】 答案为A。分析语境含义和句子结构可知，空白处为宾语从句，应采用陈述语序。
四、 what引导由感叹句转换而来的宾语从句的用法
what引导感叹句时可转换成宾语从句，此时what常含“多么……”之意。
【典型考例】
15. I was surprised by her words,which made me recognize_____ silly mistakes I had made.
A. that B. how C. what D. which
【思路点拨】 答案为C。分析句子结构可知，该空为recognize的宾语部分，且含有“多么……”之意。因此应选what引导由感叹句转换而来的宾语从句。
【巩固练习】
1．_____ we can’t get seems better than_____ we have.
A. What; what B. What; that
C. That; that D. That; what
2. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer_____it was 20 years ago.
A. what B. that C. when D. where
3. The photographs will show you_____ .
A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
4. I knew nothing about the accident_____Iread in the newspaper.
A. except that B. except what
C. besides what D. besides that
5. Those who were left alone in the cave knew better than the others_____sounds bats in the dark made.
A. that frightening B. which frightening
C. what frightening D. how frightening
6. —The basketball team is in the playoffs.I’ll watch it on TV. Do you want to come over?
—Actually I have a ticket, but I’m not feeling well.You can have it for_____it cost me.
A. that B. which C. how D. what
7. She did not know_____had happened.
A. what B. when C. how D. why
8. Determination is a kind of basic quality and this is_____it takes to do jobs well.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
9. The soldiers soon reached_____was once an old temple.
A. which B. what C. where D. that
10. They paid to the state fifty percent of_____they were able to earn.
A. that B. what C. which D. whom
Keys: 1. A2. A3. B4. B5. C6. D7. A8. A9. B10. B