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目的 对比分析幼儿期孤独障碍儿童的脑白质髓鞘化程度.方法 对28例孤独障碍儿童和28例年龄、性别、智商与之相匹配的发育障碍儿童(对照组)进行T2加权磁共振成像扫描和扩散张量成像扫描,采用影像科医生定性评价与计算髓鞘化程度值(J值)、各向异性分数(FA)定量评价相结合的方法,对比两组间关键脑区白质的髓鞘化程度的差异.结果 影像科医生定性评价未显示2组间存在显著的髓鞘化程度差异(P均＞0.05).但进行定量评价时,与对照组相比,孤独障碍组儿童的右侧第一二脑回区、中央后回及左侧额极区的J值降低(1028.75±449.60比1344.51±580.30,1050.19±456.78比1335.10±593.69,1103.68±543.38比1491.80±590.48),差异有统计学意义(t=-0.533,1.308,-0.104;P均＜0.05)；左侧第一二脑回区及右侧额极区的FA值更低(0.234±0.052比0.279±0.069,0.224±0.069比0.251±0.057),差异有统计学意义(t=-2.276,2.545;P均＜0.05).结论 幼儿期孤独障碍儿童的不同脑区脑白质髓鞘化程度存在异常,额叶和顶叶的髓鞘化程度较低.“,”Objective To assess the myelination degrees of white matter between infants with autistic disorder and developmental disorder (DD).Methods Scoring by image doctors combined with computing divergence index value and fractional anisotropy value of 18 areas was applied to the T2 weighted images and diffusion tensor images of 28 children with autistic disorder and 28 children with DD.Results There was no significant difference in the scores of myelination degrees between the two groups.Compared with children with DD,the divergence index value in right convolution Ⅰ-Ⅱ and right postrolandic area of children with autistic disorder were significantly lower(1028.75 ±449.60 vs.1344.51 ± 580.30,1050.19 ± 456.78 vs.1335.10 ± 593.69,1103.68 ± 543.38 vs.1491.80 ± 590.48,t =-0.533,1.308,-0.104; all P ＜ 0.05).Significant decrease of FA value were also present in left convolution Ⅰ-Ⅱ and right frontal lobe polar(0.234 ± 0.052 vs.0.279 ± 0.069,0.224 ± 0.069 vs.0.251 ± 0.057,t =-2.276,2.545 ; all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The findings indicate myelination degrees in frontal and parietal lobe are abnormal in children with autistic disorder.