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目的了解湖北省1951~2006年流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)流行特征,分析乙脑监测结果,为防制提供科学依据。方法对湖北省疫情信息管理系统的疫情资料及2005~2006年全国乙型监测点资料进行分析。结果累计报告乙脑病例130 304例、累计死亡数为16 227例;年发病率波动在0.14/10万~33.69/10万之间。90年代后期以后以鄂西地区发病率较高。高发季节在5~10月,10岁以下儿童占90.74%,男女发病比例为1.77:1,病例以散居儿童为主(59.49%),其次为学生(34.24%)。媒介蚊密度从6月份开始增加,9月上旬达最高。猪血清乙脑IgG抗体总阳性率72.19%。正常人群血清IgG抗体总阳性率约35%。临床病例实验室确诊率50%。结论流行趋势和流行地区的改变与乙脑疫苗的使用密切相关,要加强乙脑监测及预测预警,采取加强10岁以下儿童乙脑疫苗接种和防蚊灭蚊为主的防控措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) from 1951 to 2006 in Hubei Province and analyze the results of JE surveillance in order to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control. Methods The outbreak information of epidemic management information system in Hubei Province and the data of type B monitoring sites in China from 2005 to 2006 were analyzed. Results A total of 130 304 cases of JE were reported, with a total of 16 227 deaths. The annual incidence fluctuated between 0.14 / 100,000 and 33.69 / 100,000. After the late 90’s to Western Hubei Province, a higher incidence. From May to October in high season, children under 10 years old accounted for 90.74%. The incidence of male and female was 1.77: 1. The majority of cases were scattered children (59.49%), followed by students (34.24%). Media mosquito density increased from June, reaching the highest in early September. The total positive rate of pig serum IgE IgG antibody was 72.19%. The normal population IgG serum total positive rate of about 35%. Clinical case laboratory confirmed the rate of 50%. Conclusion The epidemiological trends and the changes in epidemic areas are closely related to the use of Japanese encephalitis vaccine. To strengthen the monitoring and early warning of Japanese encephalitis, preventive and control measures should be taken to strengthen the prevention and control of Japanese encephalitis in children under 10 years of age.