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为揭示茶园间作果树对于节肢动物群落数量、空间格局的影响,2009年夏茶期间,于具有悠久茶-果间作历史、名茶洞庭碧螺春原产地的太湖东洞庭山选10种间作茶园,2010年春茶时节于西洞庭山选10种同类型间作茶园,调查果树的树丛之间、茶丛上层、茶丛中层、茶丛下层、地表和土壤层中各种节肢动物数量。发现:(1)两次调查结果具有较好的重现性;(2)每种供试茶园优势种害虫都是假眼小绿叶蝉Empoasca vitis Gthe和黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus spiniferus(Quaintance)、其它主要害虫种类相同,东、西洞庭山优势种天敌相同;(3)10种茶园中茶丛上层、茶丛中层物种数多于其它层次;茶丛下层的个体数最大,主要是粉虱类和蚧类等小型同翅目昆虫;茶丛中层多样性指数稍高;(4)茶-桔、茶-板栗间作茶园物种较多;茶-腊梅间作茶园物种数、个体数较少。研究结果表明:茶园中合理地间作果树,可以增大生物多样性,即使在果树树丛之间、地表和土壤层中也拥有一定数量的节肢动物,间作明显地影响节肢动物群落的组成。
In order to reveal the effect of fruit trees on the number and spatial pattern of arthropod communities in tea plantations, during the summer tea season in 2009, there were 10 intercropping tea farms in Dongting Lake, Taihu Lake, with a long history of tea-fruit intercropping and the spring of 2010 During the tea season, 10 tea plantations of the same type were selected from the West Dongting Mountains to investigate the quantity of various arthropods among the groves of fruit trees, the upper layer of tea bunch, the middle of tea bunch, the lower layer of tea bunch, the ground surface and the soil layer. The results showed that: (1) The results of the two surveys showed good reproducibility; (2) Empoasca vitis Gthe and Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance) , The same as other major pests, and the predators of the dominant species in the East and West Dongting Mountains are the same. (3) There are more species of tea in the middle of tea plantations and more in the middle of tea plantations in 10 kinds of tea gardens; (4) Tea-orange, tea-chestnut intercropping more tea plant species; tea - sweet plum Intercropping tea plant species, the number of individuals less. The results show that the rational intercropping of fruit trees in tea gardens can increase the biodiversity, even if there are some arthropods in the trees, in the surface and in the soil layer. Intercropping obviously affects the composition of arthropod communities.