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企业货款拖欠是我国经济生活中带有规律性和表象化的经济现象。从1986年和1989年两次较严重的货款拖欠的产生来看,都是发生在宏观货币紧缩之后,这种规律性现象使企业货款拖欠与银根的宏观紧缩存在着某种表面上的逻辑规律性,很容易把产生货款拖欠的原因归咎于宏观运行中货币总量的减少。事实上,1989年采取的以资金投入为主要特征的各种清理拖欠措施,如全国性或区域性发放启动贷款、跨地区跨系统的贷款移位等,并没有达到缓解和消除货款拖欠的预期目的。直到目前为止,企业货款拖欠仍然是制约企业经营活动及经济增长的重要因素。本文试图从货款拖欠链条及“链条效应”的质态分析,找到货款拖欠产生的根本原因,从而提出一些可供选择的对策。据统计,截止1989年6月底,湖北省的货款拖欠为52.8亿元,占同期全部银行贷款余额522.72亿元的10.1％,占流动资金贷款余额405.62亿元的13.02％。
The arrearage of corporate loans is an economic phenomenon with regularity and appearance in the economic life of our country. From the point of view of the occurrence of two serious arrears in 1986 and 1989, both occurred after the macro-Currency Contraction. This regularity has caused some illogical logic in the macroscopic contraction of corporate payment defaults and monetary policy. Sex, it is easy to attribute the reason for arrears to the reduction in the total amount of money in macro operations. As a matter of fact, various clean-up arrears measures that were adopted in 1989 as the main feature of capital investment, such as the nationwide or regional issuance of start-up loans, cross-regional cross-system loan dislocation, etc., did not meet the expectation of easing and elimination of payment arrears. purpose. So far, the default of the company’s payment is still an important factor that restricts the business operations and economic growth of the company. This article attempts to find out the root cause of the default of the payment from the analysis of the quality of the loan payment chain and the “chain effect”, so as to propose some countermeasures. According to statistics, as of the end of June 1989, the payment arrears in Hubei Province was 5.28 billion yuan, accounting for 10.1% of the total bank loan balance of 52.272 billion yuan in the same period, accounting for 13.02% of the 40.562 billion yuan in the balance of working capital loans.