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我国已建水库大多采用底孔取水方式。由于库底水温低,致使下游灌区水稻减产,并造成下游农民、水库管理人员中患关节炎的较多。有库底水水色浑浊,具有难闻气味,也影响了水稻、鱼类的生长和群众生活用水。被群众称之为“冷害”。冷害对农业的影响,业已引起国内外普遍重视。均试图寻求解决的途径。采取表层取水的工程措施,即为解决途径之一。由于太阳的热源作用,水库表层水温高于库底水温。在兼顾发电要求的条件下,取表层水泄往下游可以提高灌溉水温。此种工程措施结构简单,运行操作方便,土建工程量不大,而对下游灌区的水稻增产有明显效益,预计可使受冷害危害的水稻增产10～20％,这一措施既可用于新建工程,也可用于改造工程。
Most of the reservoirs in our country have adopted bottom-hole water-taking methods. Due to the low water temperature at the bottom of the reservoir, the output of paddy rice in the downstream irrigation areas was reduced, resulting in more arthritis in the farmers and reservoirs in the lower reaches. Sediment bottom water turbid, with bad smell, but also affected the growth of rice, fish and water for the masses. Be called by the masses as “cold damage.” The impact of chilling injury on agriculture has drawn widespread attention both at home and abroad. All try to find a solution. Take surface engineering measures to take water, that is one of the ways to solve. Due to the heat source of the sun, the surface water temperature of the reservoir is higher than the water temperature at the bottom of the reservoir. Taking into account the conditions of power generation, take the surface water to drain downstream can increase irrigation water temperature. This kind of engineering measures has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and operation, small quantity of civil engineering works and obvious benefit to increase rice yield in downstream irrigation areas. It is estimated that 10-20% of rice harmed by chilling injury can be increased by 10-20%. This measure can be used for new construction , Can also be used to transform the project.