前列腺淋巴瘤在临床上非常罕见，占淋巴瘤的比例不足0．1％，绝大多数为个案报道，预后较差。该文报道了2例前列腺非霍奇金淋巴瘤，例1患者在外院诊断为“前列腺炎”，术前诊断为“前列腺平滑肌肉瘤”，后行根治性前列腺切除术及原位回肠新膀胱术，术后病理示前列腺 B细胞源性非霍奇金淋巴瘤，采用了多种方案化学治疗获得了完全缓解，并维持了近50个月。例2患者在外院 MRI 提示为前列腺癌，入院后前列腺穿刺活组织检查示非霍奇金淋巴瘤弥漫大 B 细胞阳性，确诊后行8个疗程 R-CHOPE 方案化学治疗，获得了持续的部分缓解。2例患者随访至2014年12月24日，均存活，无肿瘤进展，卡帕斯基评分100分。该2例的诊治过程提示，前列腺淋巴瘤属于罕见病，诊断较为困难，容易误诊，治疗以化学治疗为主。“,”Lymphoma of the prostate is extremely rare in clinical settings,accounting for <0.1% a-mong all types of lymphoma.A majority of these patients were reported as case report with relatively poor prog-nosis.In this article,two cases diagnosed with non-hodgkin lymphoma of the prostate were reported.Case one was suspected with prostatitis in a local hospital and diagnosed with leiomyosarcoma of the prostate before sur-gery.He underwent radical prostatectomy and orthotopic ileal neobladder.After surgery,he was diagnosed with B-cell non-hodgkin lymphoma of the prostate by pathological examination.Complete remission was achieved af-ter multiple schemes of chemotherapy and was maintained for almost 50 months.Case 2 was suspected with prostate cancer by MRI in another hospital.After admission,he was diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lym-phoma of the prostate by needle biopsy.Subsequently,he received eight cycles of R-CHOPE.Persistent partial remission was obtained.During the follow-up until 24 December,2014,both patients were alive and had pro-gression-free survival (Karnofsky performance status =100).The diagnosis and treatment of these two cases prompt that prostate lymphnoma is rarely seen in clinical practice.It is difficult to make a diagnosis and likely to misdiagnose.Chemotherapy remains the primary treatment of lymphoma of the prostate.