在诸多自然灾害中,江河洪水灾害最受美国政府的关注。为了有效地防御与减轻此类灾害造成的损失,政府不仅建立了一个高效的灾害政策管理机制,而且还以立法形式加以保证。其中,国家洪水保险法与洪水灾害防御法是两项最为主要的立法。 一、国家洪水保险法及其完善 尽管美国政府在历次大水灾之后都考虑过洪水风险保障的可能性,但直到1968年联邦政 Among many natural disasters, floods in rivers are the most concerned by the U.S. government. In order to effectively prevent and mitigate the losses caused by such disasters, the government has not only established an efficient disaster policy management mechanism, but also guaranteed by legislation. Among them, the national flood insurance law and flood disaster prevention law are the two most important legislation. First, the national flood insurance law and its improvement Although the United States government in all previous floods have considered the possibility of flood risk protection, but until 1968 the federal government