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我国食品安全监管主体经历了七次机构改革,其变迁的背后呈现经济、政治和焦点事件的动因。对我国现阶段横向主体设置的“三定方案”的法律性进行考察,发现特定行政体制下各监管部门对以法定责任为基础的“专有性”资源的依赖,形成了部门间的分工,在专业性分工具有政策相似性时,将阻碍部门间的合作,造成专有性的冲突。从纵向主体的层级设置、事权划分的行政性及责任划分与监管资源的错位等方面进行分析,讨论地方政府在食品安全责任的集中与分权中的角色与作用,及该模式面临的地方保护主义的挑战。无论在食品安全监管体制变迁下如何设立食品安全监管主体,其核心的路径是构建政府监管主体职权的法律授权、共同监管目标下的协作、事权划分的科学性和有效的食品安全考核评价体系。
China’s food safety regulatory body has undergone seven institutional reforms, the changes behind the economic, political and the focus of the incident motivation. Examines the legal nature of the “three programs” set up by horizontal subjects in the current stage of our country and finds that the regulatory departments under the specific administrative system have relied on the “exclusive” resources based on statutory responsibility to form departments Division of labor, in the professional division of labor with policy similarities, will hinder the cooperation between departments, resulting in a proprietary conflict. Analyze from the aspect of vertical hierarchy, the administrative nature of division of responsibilities and the dislocation of regulatory resources, and discuss the role and role of local government in the centralization and decentralization of food safety responsibilities and the local protection The challenge of democracy. No matter how to set up the main body of food safety supervision under the food safety regulatory system, the core of the system is to establish the legal authority of the main body of government regulation, the cooperation under the common supervision target, the scientific division of the power and the effective food safety evaluation system.