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tend
v. 1. if something tends to happen, it happens often and is likely to happen again
2. take care or look after
It means that more energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up. 这意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球温度上升。
We sometimes tend to think that the ocean bottom is made up of smooth plains. 我们往往误以为海底由平坦的平原构成。
His views tend towards the extreme. 他的观点趋于偏激。
Doctors and nurses tended (to) the injured. 医生和护士护理伤者。
【总结】
tend意思是“往往会，趋于，倾向；照料，护理”。
vt. 作“往往会”解时后接动词不定式
vi. 作 “趋向，走向，倾向”解时后接介词
vt. 作“照料，护理”讲时，常与介词to搭配
subscribe to
agree with, share (opinion, view, etc.)
All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the buring of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy. 科学家都赞同这样的观点：人们为了生产能量而燃烧化石燃料（如煤、天然气、石油等）从而引起了地球温度的升高。
All the people present subscribe to the opinion put forward by chairman. 在场的人都同意主席提出的意见。
The children each subscribe 5 pence to buy a present for Nick in hospital. 孩子们每人出五便士为住院的尼克买礼物。
I have subscribed to that magazine for years. 我订阅那本杂志已经好几年了。
【总结】
subscribe to后面直接加名词，意思是“同意、赞同；捐款、捐助；订购（杂志、报纸等）”。
come about
to happen, especially in a way that is not planned
So how has this come about and does it matter? 这种情况是怎么发生的，有影响吗？
With the use of electricity, great changes have come about. 随着电的使用，种种大变化发生了。
How did it come about that he was hurt so seriously? 他怎么伤得这么严重？
【总结】
come about 意为“发生，造成”有时用it作主语，后面跟that引导的从句。
【辨析】
come about, happen, occur，take place, break out
come about 意为“发生，产生”，常用于要求解释或说明事情发生的缘由，经常和how连用。
happen when something happens, there is an event, especially one that is not planned 意为“发生”，指偶然的、意外的、具体客观事物或事情发生或出现，尤指自发的未能预见的事情。用法包括：happen to + v 意为“偶然、碰巧做出”；sth happens to sb指“某人发生了某事”；It happens/happened+ that-clause ... 意为“碰巧……”。
occur to happen 作发生讲时可以和happen互换。常见结构有：sth occurs to sb = sth strikes sb = sth comes to sb 某人想起某事；It occurs to sb to do sth 某人想起做某事；It occurs to sb+that-clause = It strikes sb+that-clause 某人想起某事。
take place 意为“发生，产生”，指事件或事故的发生在预料之中，并非偶然，进而引申为“按计划进行、举行”之意。
break out to begin suddenly 意为“爆发、突然发生”，指战争、火灾、疾病等的突然发生、爆发。
oppose
to disagree with something and try to prevent it from happening or succeeding
On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view, believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air. 另一方面， 像喬治·汉布利那些人，他们反对这种观点，认为我们不应该为空气中的二氧化碳含量担心。
Many members of the council opposed the building of luxury houses in the centre of the city. 许多市议员反对在市中心建造豪华住宅。
Many residents are opposed to the plan of building the motorway. 许多居民反对修建那条高速公路的计划。
He is opposed by two other candidates. 他与另外两个候选人竞争。
【总结】
oppose vt. 反对；使对立，使对抗；抗争。
用法：直接跟名词作宾语，be opposed to (doing) sth
be opposed by 与……竞争
【辨析】
oppose, object 和resisit
三者都含有“反对”的意思，但是用法有区别。
oppose 常用词，指“对某人、某事采取积极行动来反对，着重动作，尤指“反对某种观念、思想、计划等”。
object to feel or say that you disapprove of something 常指“用言论或论据等表示反对”，侧重“个人嫌厌”和“（由于与个人有关因此）提出反对意见”。
resist use force to stand or fight against 指“积极地反抗、对抗；用武力阻止……的前进”
appoint
to choose somebody for a job or position of responsibility
I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago. 作为一名火山学家，我二十年前被派到夏威夷火山观测站（HVO）工作。
They appointed Mr Smith (to be/as) manager. 他们任命史密斯先生做经理。
He was appointed to the vacant post. 他被委任填补那个空缺。
They appointed a place to exchange stamps. 他们约定了一个地方交换邮票。
I made an appointment with my friend to see a film this weekend. 我和朋友约定了这个周末去看电影。
【总结】
appoint vt. 任命，委派；指定，约定
用法：appoint sb (to be/as)... 任命某人……
appoint sb to sth/sb be appointed to 挑选某人做某工作
make an appointment with sb to do sth 与某人约定去做某事
precious
rare and worth a lot of money; valuable or important and not to be wasted
Buying the precious necklace, she had no money left. 买了贵重的项链之后，她一点钱都没有留下。
He has sent me most precious gifts. 他送给我极为珍贵的礼物。
Time is precious. 时间很宝贵。
His children are very precious to him. 他極疼爱自己的孩子。
【总结】
precious adj. 贵重的，宝贝的；(与to连用)宝贝的
adv. 很，非常，十足地
【辨析】
precious, valuable, priceless
precious 价钱和价值很高的，值钱的
valuable worth a lot of money; very useful or worthwhile; important 宝贵的、贵重的、值钱的，常指交换价值或使用价值，有时指由于稀有而本身具有相当高的价值。
priceless too value to be priced 指价值不可估量。
练习
1. Women_________________（长寿）longer than men. (live)
2. She________________________（照顾他的父亲）during his illness. (tend)
3._________________（发生了巨大的变化） in our city in the last few years. (take place)
4. Many people never understand______________________(怎么会出现这样的事故). (come about)
5. A fire___________________(突然发生)during the night. （break out）
6. He_____________________(强烈反对) the plan.（oppose）
7. We__________________(反对) the students cheat the teacher in the exams. （oppose）
8. I would________________(反对改变)the law.
9. Mr Lee___________________(被任命为) the headmaster at the beginning of the school year.(oppoit)
10. He had a talent for music and was _________________________conductor of the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra at the age of 30.
A. assigned B. appointed
C. named D. honored
11. My time is very____________; I can only_____________ you ten minutes for an interview.
A. precious; spare B. dear; spend
C. precious; spend D. practical; spare
12. The government called on all the citizens to a relief fund.
A. subscribe to B. agree to
C. amount to D. shift to
参考答案
1. tend to live
2. tended her father
3. Great changes have taken place
4. how the accident came about
5. broke out
6. is strongly opposed to
7. oppose that
8. oppose changing
9. was appointed as
10~12. B A A
v. 1. if something tends to happen, it happens often and is likely to happen again
2. take care or look after
It means that more energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up. 这意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球温度上升。
We sometimes tend to think that the ocean bottom is made up of smooth plains. 我们往往误以为海底由平坦的平原构成。
His views tend towards the extreme. 他的观点趋于偏激。
Doctors and nurses tended (to) the injured. 医生和护士护理伤者。
【总结】
tend意思是“往往会，趋于，倾向；照料，护理”。
vt. 作“往往会”解时后接动词不定式
vi. 作 “趋向，走向，倾向”解时后接介词
vt. 作“照料，护理”讲时，常与介词to搭配
subscribe to
agree with, share (opinion, view, etc.)
All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the buring of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy. 科学家都赞同这样的观点：人们为了生产能量而燃烧化石燃料（如煤、天然气、石油等）从而引起了地球温度的升高。
All the people present subscribe to the opinion put forward by chairman. 在场的人都同意主席提出的意见。
The children each subscribe 5 pence to buy a present for Nick in hospital. 孩子们每人出五便士为住院的尼克买礼物。
I have subscribed to that magazine for years. 我订阅那本杂志已经好几年了。
【总结】
subscribe to后面直接加名词，意思是“同意、赞同；捐款、捐助；订购（杂志、报纸等）”。
come about
to happen, especially in a way that is not planned
So how has this come about and does it matter? 这种情况是怎么发生的，有影响吗？
With the use of electricity, great changes have come about. 随着电的使用，种种大变化发生了。
How did it come about that he was hurt so seriously? 他怎么伤得这么严重？
【总结】
come about 意为“发生，造成”有时用it作主语，后面跟that引导的从句。
【辨析】
come about, happen, occur，take place, break out
come about 意为“发生，产生”，常用于要求解释或说明事情发生的缘由，经常和how连用。
happen when something happens, there is an event, especially one that is not planned 意为“发生”，指偶然的、意外的、具体客观事物或事情发生或出现，尤指自发的未能预见的事情。用法包括：happen to + v 意为“偶然、碰巧做出”；sth happens to sb指“某人发生了某事”；It happens/happened+ that-clause ... 意为“碰巧……”。
occur to happen 作发生讲时可以和happen互换。常见结构有：sth occurs to sb = sth strikes sb = sth comes to sb 某人想起某事；It occurs to sb to do sth 某人想起做某事；It occurs to sb+that-clause = It strikes sb+that-clause 某人想起某事。
take place 意为“发生，产生”，指事件或事故的发生在预料之中，并非偶然，进而引申为“按计划进行、举行”之意。
break out to begin suddenly 意为“爆发、突然发生”，指战争、火灾、疾病等的突然发生、爆发。
oppose
to disagree with something and try to prevent it from happening or succeeding
On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view, believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air. 另一方面， 像喬治·汉布利那些人，他们反对这种观点，认为我们不应该为空气中的二氧化碳含量担心。
Many members of the council opposed the building of luxury houses in the centre of the city. 许多市议员反对在市中心建造豪华住宅。
Many residents are opposed to the plan of building the motorway. 许多居民反对修建那条高速公路的计划。
He is opposed by two other candidates. 他与另外两个候选人竞争。
【总结】
oppose vt. 反对；使对立，使对抗；抗争。
用法：直接跟名词作宾语，be opposed to (doing) sth
be opposed by 与……竞争
【辨析】
oppose, object 和resisit
三者都含有“反对”的意思，但是用法有区别。
oppose 常用词，指“对某人、某事采取积极行动来反对，着重动作，尤指“反对某种观念、思想、计划等”。
object to feel or say that you disapprove of something 常指“用言论或论据等表示反对”，侧重“个人嫌厌”和“（由于与个人有关因此）提出反对意见”。
resist use force to stand or fight against 指“积极地反抗、对抗；用武力阻止……的前进”
appoint
to choose somebody for a job or position of responsibility
I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago. 作为一名火山学家，我二十年前被派到夏威夷火山观测站（HVO）工作。
They appointed Mr Smith (to be/as) manager. 他们任命史密斯先生做经理。
He was appointed to the vacant post. 他被委任填补那个空缺。
They appointed a place to exchange stamps. 他们约定了一个地方交换邮票。
I made an appointment with my friend to see a film this weekend. 我和朋友约定了这个周末去看电影。
【总结】
appoint vt. 任命，委派；指定，约定
用法：appoint sb (to be/as)... 任命某人……
appoint sb to sth/sb be appointed to 挑选某人做某工作
make an appointment with sb to do sth 与某人约定去做某事
precious
rare and worth a lot of money; valuable or important and not to be wasted
Buying the precious necklace, she had no money left. 买了贵重的项链之后，她一点钱都没有留下。
He has sent me most precious gifts. 他送给我极为珍贵的礼物。
Time is precious. 时间很宝贵。
His children are very precious to him. 他極疼爱自己的孩子。
【总结】
precious adj. 贵重的，宝贝的；(与to连用)宝贝的
adv. 很，非常，十足地
【辨析】
precious, valuable, priceless
precious 价钱和价值很高的，值钱的
valuable worth a lot of money; very useful or worthwhile; important 宝贵的、贵重的、值钱的，常指交换价值或使用价值，有时指由于稀有而本身具有相当高的价值。
priceless too value to be priced 指价值不可估量。
练习
1. Women_________________（长寿）longer than men. (live)
2. She________________________（照顾他的父亲）during his illness. (tend)
3._________________（发生了巨大的变化） in our city in the last few years. (take place)
4. Many people never understand______________________(怎么会出现这样的事故). (come about)
5. A fire___________________(突然发生)during the night. （break out）
6. He_____________________(强烈反对) the plan.（oppose）
7. We__________________(反对) the students cheat the teacher in the exams. （oppose）
8. I would________________(反对改变)the law.
9. Mr Lee___________________(被任命为) the headmaster at the beginning of the school year.(oppoit)
10. He had a talent for music and was _________________________conductor of the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra at the age of 30.
A. assigned B. appointed
C. named D. honored
11. My time is very____________; I can only_____________ you ten minutes for an interview.
A. precious; spare B. dear; spend
C. precious; spend D. practical; spare
12. The government called on all the citizens to a relief fund.
A. subscribe to B. agree to
C. amount to D. shift to
参考答案
1. tend to live
2. tended her father
3. Great changes have taken place
4. how the accident came about
5. broke out
6. is strongly opposed to
7. oppose that
8. oppose changing
9. was appointed as
10~12. B A A