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选用小麦染色体上的60 SSR标记,对来自四川3个不同单位近30年育成的47个普通小麦品种的遗传多样性进行了分析。60个SSR位点中共检测到118个等位变异,每个位点的等位变异范围为1~5个,平均为1.08个。品种的遗传相似系数从1980年以来有逐渐升高的趋势。育成小麦品种的3个染色体组以B染色体组遗传多样性最高,D染色体组最低。通过UPGMA聚类,可以把47个品种分为3个松散的群,在每一个群内,很多品种都来自于同一个育种单位,与系谱来源一致。这些结果表明由于不同育种单位采用相似遗传特性的育种亲本,四川育成小麦品种的遗传基础越来越狭窄,种质资源的创新和遗传多样性拓宽是今后小麦育种和小麦生产成效的前提。比较而言,推广面积大的品种相互之间遗传多样性较大,归于不同的类群,具有更广泛的适应性。
The genetic diversity of 47 common wheat cultivars bred from 3 different units in Sichuan Province in the past 30 years was analyzed by using 60 SSR markers on wheat chromosomes. A total of 118 alleles were detected in 60 SSR loci, with allelic variation ranging from 1 to 5 loci per locus, averaging 1.08. The genetic similarity coefficient of cultivars has gradually increased since 1980. The three genotypes of bred wheat cultivars had the highest genetic diversity in the B genome and the lowest in the D genome. By UPGMA clustering, 47 varieties can be divided into 3 loose groups. Within each group, many varieties come from the same breeding unit and are consistent with the pedigree source. These results indicate that the genetic basis of Sichuan bred wheat is more and more narrow, and the innovation of germplasm resources and the widening of genetic diversity are the prerequisites of wheat breeding and wheat production in future because breeders with similar genetic characteristics are adopted by different breeders. In comparison, the varieties with large popularization area have a large genetic diversity among each other, belong to different taxa, and have a wider adaptability.