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在各种运输方式的激烈竞争下,一些国外铁路都在不断寻求新的更有效的技术手段和技术作业过程,改进为货主和旅客服务的形式,尽管各国铁路在规模和运输密度上存在着差别,但了解国外首先是发达资本主义国家所采用的提高劳动生产率和铁路工作效益的技术、技术作业过程和组织方法将是非常有益的。在许多国家中,尽管来自汽车运输和航空运输的竞争相当激烈,但铁路仍具有一系列优势,特别是在快速、可靠和经济地运送长途大
Under the fierce competition of various modes of transport, some foreign railways are continuously seeking new and more effective technical means and technical operations to improve the service for cargo owners and passengers. Although there are differences in the scale and transport density of various national railways , But it would be very helpful to understand the technological, technological operations and organizational methods adopted by developed countries in the capital to improve labor productivity and railway work efficiency. In many countries, despite the intense competition from motor and air transport, the railroad still offers a host of advantages, especially in the fast, reliable and economical delivery of long haul