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目的通过高龄孕妇产前胎儿染色体核型结果分析,探讨高龄妊娠胎儿染色体异常的风险。方法采用羊水穿刺术对6 821例高龄孕妇进行细胞遗传学诊断,计算高龄妊娠胎儿染色体异常的比率,同时比较35岁~37岁、38岁~40岁及≥41岁孕妇胎儿染色体异常的发生率,分析不同高龄组胎儿染色体异常的风险比率。结果 6 821例高龄孕妇共发现胎儿染色体核型异常321例,染色体异常发生率为4.71%,所有异常核型中,除染色体多态性变异外,以数目异常最为常见,异常构成比为21.81%(70/321),同时不同年龄组染色体异常的发生率逐渐增高,其中35岁~40岁和≥41岁年龄组的比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论随着孕妇年龄的增长,胎儿染色体异常风险逐渐增高,高龄孕妇应加强产前诊断意识,提高出生人口素质。
Objective To investigate the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in fetus in geriatric fetus through analysis of karyotype of prenatal fetus in elder pregnant women. Methods Amniocentesis was performed on 6 821 pregnant women for cytogenetic diagnosis to calculate the proportion of fetuses with gestational age at gestation. The incidences of fetal chromosomal abnormalities in 35-37, 38- 40, and 41-year-old pregnant women were also compared , Analysis of different senior age group fetal chromosomal abnormalities risk ratio. Results Among the 821 pregnant women, 321 cases were abnormal in fetal karyotype, and the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities was 4.71%. Except chromosomal polymorphism, the abnormal number was the most common abnormality in all 821 pregnant women, accounting for 21.81% (70/321), while the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in different age groups gradually increased, of which the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05) between the age of 35 to 40 and the age of 41 years. Conclusion As the age of pregnant women increases, the risk of fetal chromosomal abnormalities increases gradually. The pregnant women should strengthen the awareness of prenatal diagnosis and improve the quality of the birth population.