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汉语和日语中存在着大量的同形词,有些同形词的意义用法还存在着微妙的差异。以往研究在考察分析汉日同形词时都或多或少地借助了词典的解释,建立在已知汉日同形词的意义是否相同这个前提下。本文跳出了词典的局限,通过在语料库中检索汉日同形词的共起词群,分析汉日同形词与其共起词群之间的语义组合关系,比较了汉日同形词的意义异同。结果得知通过语义组合关系对比分析汉日同形词的意义异同是行之有效的方法。通过这一方法,我们可以发现汉日同形词在意义上的微妙差异,包括意义范围的不同、意义具体与抽象的差异、意义积极与消极的区别等。
There are a large number of homographs in Chinese and Japanese, and there are subtle differences in the meaning and usage of some homographs. In the past, when studying and analyzing the Chinese and Japanese homographs, they used the explanation of the dictionary more or less based on the premise of knowing whether the meanings of Chinese and Japanese homographs are the same. This paper jumps out the limitations of the dictionary. By retrieving the co-occurrences of Chinese-Japanese homographs in the corpus, this paper analyzes the semantic combination between the Chinese-Japanese homographs and their co-word groups, and compares the similarities and differences between Chinese and Japanese homographs. The result shows that it is an effective way to compare the similarities and differences between Chinese and Japanese homographs through semantic combination relations. Through this method, we can find the subtle differences in meaning between Chinese and Japanese idioms, including the different scope of meaning, the difference between specific and abstract meaning and the difference between positive and negative meaning.