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近些年来,相当一些国有企业经济效益滑坡、亏损态势令人忧虑。首先,亏损面居高不下。1990年,国有企业亏损面达到27.6%,之后四年里,一直居高不下,分别为25.8%、23.4%、28.8%和32.1%。截止19.95年6月底,形势并没有好转,亏损面高达40.2%。第二,亏损额逐年增加。1990～1994年,全部国有亏损企业亏损额分别为349亿元、367亿元、453亿元和443亿元;1995年前6个月,亏损额已达403亿元。国有盈利企业的巨额盈利被国有亏损企业抵消掉了。鉴于国有企业在社会主义市场经济体系这个庞大系统中的重要作用,有必要对国有企业大面积亏损的原因进行分析,并提出相应的治理对策。
In recent years, the economic performance of some quite a few state-owned enterprises has been declining, and the deficit situation is worrying. First, the high level of losses. In 1990, state-owned enterprises suffered a loss of 27.6%, and remained high in the following four years, at 25.8%, 23.4%, 28.8% and 32.1% respectively. By the end of June 1995, the situation did not improve, with a loss of 40.2%. Second, the loss increases year by year. From 1990 to 1994, the total losses of all state-owned loss-making enterprises were 34.9 billion yuan, 36.7 billion yuan, 45.3 billion yuan and 44.3 billion yuan respectively. In the first six months of 1995, the total amount of losses reached 40.3 billion yuan. The huge profits of state-owned profit-making enterprises are offset by state-owned loss-making enterprises. In view of the important role of state-owned enterprises in this huge system of socialist market economy, it is necessary to analyze the reasons for the large-scale losses of state-owned enterprises and put forward corresponding governance measures.