目的研究秦艽Gentiana macrophylla地上和地下生物量与其根际微生物群落结构关系。方法采用平板培养法测定秦艽根际微生物群落组成。结果人工栽培秦艽根际细菌、氨化细菌和固氮菌数量均显著高于野生种类;野生和人工栽培秦艽根际细菌、氨化细菌和固氮菌数量在高海拔样点最高;人工栽培秦艽地上和地下生物量均显著高于野生种类;秦艽生物量与根际细菌、氨化细菌和固氮菌数量呈正相关。结论秦艽人工栽培应充分满足其生态要求,尽量在秦艽适宜生长的高海拔低温山区栽培;合理供给氮肥,接种合适的菌肥并增加其土壤微生物总数量可提高秦艽的产量。 Objective To study the relationship between aboveground and underground biomass of Gentiana macrophylla and its rhizosphere microbial community structure. Methods The rhizosphere microbial community composition of Gentiana macrophylla was determined by plate culture method. Results The numbers of rhizobacteria, ammoniated bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in cultivated Gentiana macrophylla were significantly higher than those in wild species. The numbers of rhizobacteria, ammonifying bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in wild and cultivated Gentiana macrophylla were highest at high altitude. The underground biomass was significantly higher than wild species; Gentiana macrophylla biomass was positively correlated with rhizosphere bacteria, ammoniated bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Conclusion Artificial cultivation of Gentiana macrophylla should fully meet the ecological requirements and try to cultivate Gentiana macrophylla in high altitude and low temperature mountain area suitable for growing Gentiana macrophylla. Nitrogen fertilizer ration, inoculation of suitable microbial fertilizer and increase of total amount of soil microorganism can increase Gentiana macrophylla yield.