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晚清地方主义的兴起,不仅对中央集权构成了严峻的挑战,也为联邦主义思潮的迅速传播奠定了社会基础。20世纪10年代,联邦主义思潮在晚清传播的基础上,继续肩负起应对集权的政治使命。20世纪20年代南北分裂的政治形势,则使国人的联邦主义思考打上了寻求统一的深刻烙印。20世纪三四十年代各种矛盾和冲突纵横交错,联邦主义又朝着消解对抗的政治策略发展。中国近代落后必然挨打的特殊国情,不仅使得联邦主义的思考受到分权、分裂之类误解的抵制,也使得联邦制总是沦为一种解决时局而随意取舍的手段,最终成为20世纪久被尘封的历史遗产。
The rise of localism in the late Qing Dynasty not only posed a severe challenge to centralization but also laid the social foundation for the rapid spread of the federalism. In the 1910s, based on the dissemination in the late Qing dynasty, the trend of federalism continued to shoulder the political mission of centralized power. The political situation of the separatism between the south and the north in the 1920s put the thinking of the people on federalism as a profound imprint of seeking unity. In the 1930s and 1940s, all kinds of contradictions and conflicts crisscrossed each other. Federalism also developed toward the political strategy of resolving the confrontation. The special national conditions that inevitably beaten China in modern times not only made the thinking of federalism resist the misunderstanding such as decentralization and division, but also made the federalism always become a means of resolving the current situation and leaving it arbitrarily, eventually becoming the 20th century Dusty historical heritage.