脑膜炎和肺炎是严重危害儿童健康的两大疾病。肺炎是我国婴幼儿死亡的第一位病因,而脑膜炎给婴幼儿带来的病死率和后遗症的发生率也比较高。脑膜炎、肺炎可以由多种病原引起。据北京市儿童医院及合肥市13家医院联合研究结果表明,有51.7%的小儿化脓型脑膜炎和34.3%的小儿肺炎是由b型流感嗜血杆菌引起的。 Meningitis and pneumonia are two major diseases that seriously endanger the health of children. Pneumonia is the first cause of death in infants and young children in our country, and the incidence of mortality and sequelae caused by meningitis in infants and young children is relatively high. Meningitis, pneumonia can be caused by a variety of pathogens. According to the joint research results of Beijing Children’s Hospital and Hefei 13 hospitals, 51.7% of children with purulent meningitis and 34.3% of children with pneumonia are caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b.