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疫学方法是建立在流行病学原理上以盖然性为基础的因果关系认定方法,对于解决环境污染损害案件中因果关系的证明问题有重要适用价值。疫学方法原则上只能适用于没有经验法则可供借鉴的公害案件,由于它证明的仅仅是因果关系存在的可能性,因而只能用来推定个案因果关系的存在,在适用程序上应当允许被告提出反证。面对公害诉讼中潜伏性损害的赔偿要求,有必要将因果关系中的“损害后果”扩张解释为“损害风险的增加”。而在多因一果的情况下,无需查明各因子的作用力,只要通过疫学方法将病因框定在特定范围内,就可以推定因果关系成立。
Epidemiological methods are based on epidemiological principles to causality based causality determination method for solving the problem of causation in the case of environmental pollution damage has important value. In principle, the epidemic method can only be applied to cases of pollution which can not be used for reference without experience rules. Since it proves that the causal relationship exists only, it can only be used to infer the existence of the causal relationship between the cases and should allow the accused Proposed counter-evidence. In the face of the claims of lurking damages in litigation, it is necessary to interpret the expansion of causality in the causation as “increasing the risk of damage ”. In the case of multiple causes, there is no need to find out the force of each factor. So long as the etiological frame is determined within a specific range by the epidemic method, the causal relationship can be presumed to be established.