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“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句之间的纽带,它多用于正式文体中,用法较为复杂,在教材中未系统出现过,而在近几年高考试卷中频繁出现,故有必要作一总结｡
一､ 关系代词的确定
“介词+关系代词”类型定语从句中,介词前置时,关系代词不能用that和who,只能用which(先行词为物),whom(先行词为人)和whose(表示“……的”);介词后置时,限制性定语从句中,which可用that,whom也可用who,that替换,且都可省略｡例如:
1. I have many friends,_________some are businessmen. (2005 全国卷Ⅲ)
A. of them B. from which
C. who of D. of whom
2. The schools themselves admit that not all children willbe sucessful in the jobsthey are being traine D. (2005 江西卷)
A. in that B. for that
C. in which D. for which
3. Last month, part of SoutheastAsia was struck by floods, from_________effects the people are still suffering. (2005 天津卷)
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
4. Albert Einstein, for_________life had once been very hard,was very sucessful later in the science. (2002上海卷)
A. whom B. whose
C. which D. his
5. —Why does she always ask you for help?
—There is no one else_________, is there? (2005 北京卷)
A. who to turn to
B. she can turn to
C. for whom to turn
D. for her to turn
二､ 介词的确定
若从句的谓语动词为不及物动词或“be+形容词”,介词的确定主要依据不及物动词或形容词的固定搭配;此外主要依据主从句的逻辑联系以及从句中名词与先行词的特点来确定｡例如:
6. American womenusually identify their best friend as someone_________they can talk frequently. (2004 上海卷)
A. who B. as
C. about which D. withwhom
7. In the dark street there wasn’t a single person_________she could turn for help. (MET 1992)
A. that B. who
C. from whom D. to whom
8. He was educated at a local grammar school,_________he went on to Cambridge.
(2005 山东卷)
A. from which B. after that
C. after which D. from this
9. Mark was a student at this university from 1992 to 2003,_________he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students’ Union. (2005 重庆卷)
A. during which
B. for which time
C. during which time
D. by that time
三､ 关系副词常可转换为“介词+ which”的形式
关系副词why,when,where在句中作状语时,可用“介词+which”替换: why = for+which, when = on / at / in / ... + which,where = at / on / in / ... + which｡例如:
10. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes_________people were eaten by the tiger. (2005 广东卷)
A. that B. by which
C. which D. in which
11. The place_________the bridge is supposed to be built should bethe crossriver traffic is the heaviest. (2005 江苏卷)
A. which； where
B. at which； which
C. at which； where
D which； in which
12. In a sports team each player has a clear role, and there are few occassions_________members are confused or uncertain of their roles.
A. on which B. at which
C. where D. then
四､ 关系代词whose可转换为“介词 + which(whom)”
“whose + 名词”可与“the + 名词 + of which (whom)”或“of which (whom) + the + 名词”互换｡例如:
13. The journey around the worldwould take the sailor nine months,_________the sailing time was 226 days. (2005 辽宁卷)
A. of which B. during which
C. from which D. for which
14. The little child often helps the old woman on Sundays,_________the only child is serving in the army.
A. whose B. who
C. of whom D. on which
五､ “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句常可省略为“介词+关系代词+不定式”的形式
当“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时,可以把定语从句省略为不定式,即“介词+关系代词+不定式”的形式｡例如:
15. Frank’s dream was to havehis own shop_________to produce the workings of his own hands. (2005 湖南卷)
A. that B. in which
C. by which D. how
六､ from which与from where 引导的定语从句的区别
介词from后除了接代词或名词作宾语外,还可接介词短语或副词短语作宾语｡当先行词为地点名词时,应该选用from which；当先行词为表示地点的介词短语或副词短语时,应该选用from where｡例如:
16. Hisheadsoonappearedout of the window, from_________he saw nothing but the trees.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
17. Mr Brown lives a dozen blocks awaythe riots(骚乱) began.
A. from which B. from there
C. from where D. in where
七､ “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句与关系代词引导定语从句的区别
当定语从句中谓语动词与先行词是动宾关系时,若动词为不及物动词,则必须用“介词+关系代词”;反之,则直接用关系代词作宾语｡例如:
18. Tom said that he wouldfinish the work in one week,_________I wondered completely.
A. which B. at which
C. in which D. on which
19. They stayed with me for three weeks,_________they drunk all the wine I ha D.
A. which
B. which time
C. during which time
D. during which
20. This is an unpleasant subject we might arguefor a long while.
A. which B. in which
C. about which D. with which
八､ “介词+which/whom”与“介词+what / who(m)ever”的区别
“介词 + which / whom”引导的是定语从句;而“介词 + what / who(m)ever”是名词性从句,其中what相当于“名词 + that (which / who)”,who(m)ever相当于“anyone who(m)”｡要分清两种从句｡例如:
21. The way he did it was different_________we were used to. (2005 江西卷)
A. in which B. in what
C. from what D. from which
22. A modern city has been set upin_________was a wasteland ten years ago.
(2004 天津卷)
A. what B. which C. that D. where
Keys: 1. D 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. C 17. C 18. B 19. C 20. C 21. C 22. A
一､ 关系代词的确定
“介词+关系代词”类型定语从句中,介词前置时,关系代词不能用that和who,只能用which(先行词为物),whom(先行词为人)和whose(表示“……的”);介词后置时,限制性定语从句中,which可用that,whom也可用who,that替换,且都可省略｡例如:
1. I have many friends,_________some are businessmen. (2005 全国卷Ⅲ)
A. of them B. from which
C. who of D. of whom
2. The schools themselves admit that not all children willbe sucessful in the jobsthey are being traine D. (2005 江西卷)
A. in that B. for that
C. in which D. for which
3. Last month, part of SoutheastAsia was struck by floods, from_________effects the people are still suffering. (2005 天津卷)
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
4. Albert Einstein, for_________life had once been very hard,was very sucessful later in the science. (2002上海卷)
A. whom B. whose
C. which D. his
5. —Why does she always ask you for help?
—There is no one else_________, is there? (2005 北京卷)
A. who to turn to
B. she can turn to
C. for whom to turn
D. for her to turn
二､ 介词的确定
若从句的谓语动词为不及物动词或“be+形容词”,介词的确定主要依据不及物动词或形容词的固定搭配;此外主要依据主从句的逻辑联系以及从句中名词与先行词的特点来确定｡例如:
6. American womenusually identify their best friend as someone_________they can talk frequently. (2004 上海卷)
A. who B. as
C. about which D. withwhom
7. In the dark street there wasn’t a single person_________she could turn for help. (MET 1992)
A. that B. who
C. from whom D. to whom
8. He was educated at a local grammar school,_________he went on to Cambridge.
(2005 山东卷)
A. from which B. after that
C. after which D. from this
9. Mark was a student at this university from 1992 to 2003,_________he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students’ Union. (2005 重庆卷)
A. during which
B. for which time
C. during which time
D. by that time
三､ 关系副词常可转换为“介词+ which”的形式
关系副词why,when,where在句中作状语时,可用“介词+which”替换: why = for+which, when = on / at / in / ... + which,where = at / on / in / ... + which｡例如:
10. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes_________people were eaten by the tiger. (2005 广东卷)
A. that B. by which
C. which D. in which
11. The place_________the bridge is supposed to be built should bethe crossriver traffic is the heaviest. (2005 江苏卷)
A. which； where
B. at which； which
C. at which； where
D which； in which
12. In a sports team each player has a clear role, and there are few occassions_________members are confused or uncertain of their roles.
A. on which B. at which
C. where D. then
四､ 关系代词whose可转换为“介词 + which(whom)”
“whose + 名词”可与“the + 名词 + of which (whom)”或“of which (whom) + the + 名词”互换｡例如:
13. The journey around the worldwould take the sailor nine months,_________the sailing time was 226 days. (2005 辽宁卷)
A. of which B. during which
C. from which D. for which
14. The little child often helps the old woman on Sundays,_________the only child is serving in the army.
A. whose B. who
C. of whom D. on which
五､ “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句常可省略为“介词+关系代词+不定式”的形式
当“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时,可以把定语从句省略为不定式,即“介词+关系代词+不定式”的形式｡例如:
15. Frank’s dream was to havehis own shop_________to produce the workings of his own hands. (2005 湖南卷)
A. that B. in which
C. by which D. how
六､ from which与from where 引导的定语从句的区别
介词from后除了接代词或名词作宾语外,还可接介词短语或副词短语作宾语｡当先行词为地点名词时,应该选用from which；当先行词为表示地点的介词短语或副词短语时,应该选用from where｡例如:
16. Hisheadsoonappearedout of the window, from_________he saw nothing but the trees.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
17. Mr Brown lives a dozen blocks awaythe riots(骚乱) began.
A. from which B. from there
C. from where D. in where
七､ “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句与关系代词引导定语从句的区别
当定语从句中谓语动词与先行词是动宾关系时,若动词为不及物动词,则必须用“介词+关系代词”;反之,则直接用关系代词作宾语｡例如:
18. Tom said that he wouldfinish the work in one week,_________I wondered completely.
A. which B. at which
C. in which D. on which
19. They stayed with me for three weeks,_________they drunk all the wine I ha D.
A. which
B. which time
C. during which time
D. during which
20. This is an unpleasant subject we might arguefor a long while.
A. which B. in which
C. about which D. with which
八､ “介词+which/whom”与“介词+what / who(m)ever”的区别
“介词 + which / whom”引导的是定语从句;而“介词 + what / who(m)ever”是名词性从句,其中what相当于“名词 + that (which / who)”,who(m)ever相当于“anyone who(m)”｡要分清两种从句｡例如:
21. The way he did it was different_________we were used to. (2005 江西卷)
A. in which B. in what
C. from what D. from which
22. A modern city has been set upin_________was a wasteland ten years ago.
(2004 天津卷)
A. what B. which C. that D. where
Keys: 1. D 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. C 17. C 18. B 19. C 20. C 21. C 22. A