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目的描述广州市居民食物消费量及营养素摄入现状,为进行营养干预提供依据。方法 2011年6—9月,采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,抽取广州市7个行政区中2 976名≥3岁居民进行膳食调查。采用3 d、24 h膳食回顾法调查居民摄入的所有食物,采用称重法调查家庭调味品消费量。结果广州市居民平均每标准人日摄入谷薯类食物261.3 g、蔬菜289.2 g、水果56 g、畜禽肉193.5 g、水产品60.5 g、奶及其制品75.6 g、蛋及其制品38.5 g、豆类及坚果20.3 g、食用油25.5 g、食盐5.1 g。广州市居民平均每标准人日摄入能量7 119.5 k J,蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物提供的能量比分别为19.9%、31.9%、48.2%。尼克酸平均每标准人日摄入量充足,维生素A、硫铵素、核黄素、维生素C和维生素E平均摄入量均相对不足;磷、铁、锌、铜、锰平均每标准人日摄入量充足,钙、钾、钠、镁、硒摄入不足。结论广州市居民膳食结构不合理,畜禽肉摄入量过高,蔬菜水果、豆类及奶类摄入不足,导致脂肪摄入过高,大部分维生素和部分矿物质摄入不足。应继续加强平衡膳食的宣传教育,改善居民的营养与健康状况。
Objective To describe the current situation of food consumption and nutrient intake of Guangzhou residents and provide basis for nutritional intervention. Methods From June to September in 2011, a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to collect 2 976 residents aged ≥ 3 years from 7 administrative districts of Guangzhou for dietary survey. The 3 d, 24 h dietary recalls were used to investigate all the food consumed by residents, and the weighing method was used to investigate household condiment consumption. Results The average daily intake of Guangzhou residents was 261.3 g for cereal and potato, 289.2 g for vegetables, 56 g for fruits, 193.5 g for livestock and poultry, 60.5 g for aquatic products, 75.6 g for milk and dairy products, 38.5 g for eggs and their products , Beans and nuts 20.3 g, edible oil 25.5 g, salt 5.1 g. Guangzhou residents averaged 7 119.5 kJ energy intake per standard person day, and the energy provided by protein, fat and carbohydrate was 19.9%, 31.9% and 48.2% respectively. Niacin average daily intake per standard person sufficient, vitamin A, ammonium sulfate, riboflavin, vitamin C and vitamin E intake are relatively inadequate; phosphorus, iron, zinc, copper and manganese average per person day Adequate intake of calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, selenium intake inadequate. Conclusion Guangzhou residents irrational diet, excessive intake of livestock and poultry meat, vegetables, fruits and beans and milk intake, leading to excessive intake of fat, most of the vitamins and minerals intake inadequate. We should continue to step up publicity and education on balanced meals so as to improve the nutrition and health status of residents.