桃与葡萄本是两种属性迥异的水果,然而针对吐鲁番文书中大量出现的“桃”字,如何处理它们与葡萄之间的关系并不简单。由于吐鲁番地区向以葡萄种植闻名,学界传统的做法是将其一概指为葡萄,但是笔者通过对这些出土文书的具体分析,可以肯定至少某些“桃”字所指显然并非葡萄,可以证明吐鲁番地区古代确有相当规模的桃树种植。此外,从语言学、植物学、社会学以及认知规律等几个角度的考察,则表明桃与葡萄在吐鲁番几无混淆或混指的可能性。因此,出土文书中的“桃”字除了部分作为“蒲桃”或“浮桃”的简称而指葡萄外,某些的确应指从中原地区传播而来的桃和桃树。 Peaches and grapes are two kinds of fruits with very different properties. However, it is not easy to deal with the relationship between grape and grapes because of the large number of “peach” characters in Turpan. Due to the fact that the Turpan region is famous for its grapevine cultivation, the traditional practice of the academic community is to refer to it as a grape. However, through a detailed analysis of these unearthed instruments, I can be sure that at least some of the words “peach” are obviously not grapes, Turpan area proved that there is indeed a considerable scale of peach cultivation. In addition, from the linguistics, botany, sociology and cognitive laws and other aspects of the investigation, then that the peaches and grapes in Turpan almost no possibility of confusion or confusion. Therefore, the “peach” word in the excavated texts refers to the peaches and peaches that actually spread from the Central Plains except for the grapes which are partly referred to as “Rose apple” or “Peach Blossoms” tree.