据哈佛大学商学院20世纪60年代对哈佛大学学生的调查,10%的大学生具有详细的职业生涯规划,70%~80%的大学生只有简单的规划,而10%~20%的大学生则没有规划。而在20世纪90年代的追踪反馈调查中发现,具有详细规划的大学生大部分都成为美国社会各行业的精英,只有简单规划的大学生则大部分成为中等阶层,而没有规划 According to a survey of Harvard students by Harvard Business School in the 1960s, 10% of college students had detailed career plans, 70% -80% of college students had simple plans, and 10% -20% of college students did not plan . However, in the follow-up feedback survey in the 1990s, it was found that the majority of undergraduates with detailed planning have become the elites in all sectors of the American society. Only the simple-planned college students are mostly middle-class and have no plans