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据统计目前全世界约有糖尿病患者1亿4千万人,预测到2025年患病人数将增至3亿,其中Ⅱ型糖尿病患者约占90％。Ⅱ型糖尿病的病理生理特点是肝脏、脂肪组织和骨骼肌的胰岛素抵抗以及胰腺β细胞分泌胰岛素异常。胰岛素抵抗,致使骨骼肌和脂肪组织摄取葡萄糖障碍,肝糖输出增加,为代偿胰岛素抵抗,胰腺β细胞需分泌较多的胰岛素。当升高的胰岛素水平仍不足以克服胰岛素抵抗时,持续高血糖使β细胞功能受损,对胰岛素分泌减少,导致糖尿病。游离脂肪酸水平的慢性升高对胰岛β细胞功能也有损害——“脂毒性”,进一步加重了高
According to statistics, there are about 140 million people with diabetes in the world. It is predicted that the number of people suffering from diabetes will increase to 300 million by 2025, of which about 90% will be type Ⅱ diabetic patients. The pathophysiological features of type 2 diabetes are insulin resistance in the liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, and insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. Insulin resistance, resulting in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue uptake of glucose disorders, increased hepatic glucose output, insulin resistance compensatory, pancreatic β cells need to secrete more insulin. When elevated insulin levels are still not sufficient to overcome insulin resistance, persistent hyperglycemia impairs beta-cell function and decreases insulin secretion, leading to diabetes. Chronic elevation of free fatty acids also impairs islet beta cell function - “lipotoxicity” further aggravating the high