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选用氮素利用高效型和低效型具有代表性的12个粳稻品种,研究225 kg hm-2施氮条件下各基因型水稻物质生产与积累特性及其与氮利用效率的相互关系。结果表明,不同氮效率类型水稻群体茎蘖数没有鲜明的特征差异,但氮高效类型水稻的茎蘖成穗率极显著高于氮低效类型。氮高效类型水稻物质生产与积累具有“前稳、中小、后高”的特性,即在有效分蘖临界叶龄期前具有适宜的叶面积、光合势和群体生长速率,物质积累具一定优势,但其占全生育期总积累量的比例较少;有效分蘖临界叶龄至拔节阶段,无效分蘖发生少,叶面积指数、光合势、群体生长速率低,物质积累也不具优势;拔节以后,具有良好的群体质量,叶面积增长较快,群体光合势和生长速率加大,物质积累优势较为明显。不同氮效率类型水稻物质生产与积累的特性不仅可以解释水稻氮素利用的品种间差异,同时也为生产上提高水稻氮利用效率提供了可行的调控途径。
Nitrogen was used to study the relationship between production and accumulation of rice genotypes and their nitrogen use efficiency under 12 225 kg hm-2 nitrogen fertilization using 12 representative japonica rice varieties with high efficiency and low efficiency. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the number of tillers between rice genotypes with different nitrogen efficiency types. However, the spikelet rate of nitrogen efficient rice was significantly higher than that of nitrogen inefficient genotypes. The production and accumulation of nitrogen-efficient rice cultivars had the characteristics of “stable, small, high and high”, that is, they had suitable leaf area, photosynthetic potential and population growth rate before the effective leaf tillering stage of tillering, and the material accumulation had certain advantages , But its proportion in the total growth during the whole growth period was less. The critical leaf age from the effective tillering stage to the jointing stage had fewer tillers, less leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, lower population growth rate and less material accumulation. After jointing, With good population quality, leaf area increased rapidly, population photosynthetic potential and growth rate increased, the material accumulation advantage is more obvious. The characteristics of rice production and accumulation with different nitrogen efficiency types can not only explain the differences among varieties of rice utilization, but also provide feasible ways for improving nitrogen utilization efficiency in rice production.