公元前5世纪,波斯帝国对希腊诸城邦主要采取武力征服策略,但因遭到希腊诸城邦的强烈抵抗而失败,希波战争最终以波斯退出希腊本土而告终。波斯从战争的惨败中吸取经验教训,及时调整了对希腊城邦的政策,由武力征服转为扶持希腊各邦争霸,借以维持希腊世界的均势,得以从中谋利。这一政策的演变不仅使波斯摆脱了战败的阴影,而且利用希腊城邦间的混战来削弱希腊城邦的力量,展示了波斯帝国高超的外交技巧。 In the 5th century BC, the Persian Empire mainly used force to conquer the Greek cities, but failed due to the strong resistance of the Greek cities and states. The war in the Bohai Sea eventually ended in Persia’s withdrawal from the Greek territory. Persia learned lessons from the fiasco of the war, timely adjusted its policy toward the Greek city-state, and conquered by the military force to support the hegemony of all Greek states in order to maintain the balance of power in the Greek world and to benefit from it. The evolution of this policy not only enabled Persia to cast off the shadow of defeat, but also used the melee between the Greek city-states to weaken the power of the Greek city-states and demonstrated the diplomatic skills of the Persian Empire.