(一)先讲一个确有其事的故事:有一个学生长期分不清经线和纬线,哪个是连接南北的纵线,哪个是连接东西的横线,常将二者弄混。后来老师给他讲训诂学知识,告诉他“经”(jīng)和“茎”(jīng)“颈”(jǐng)是同源词,都是从直立得义。植物的茎虽然有缠绕茎、攀援茎、匍匐等茎多种,但大多数植物的茎都是直立茎,如松柏、甘蔗等的茎。人的头颈除开歪脖子以外,都是直的。偏旁“至”的意义本是“水脉”(巛就是“川”,原是水的象形),也是从直得义。“径直”“直径”“胫”(小腿)都同直义有关。 (A) to tell a story: there is a long time can not distinguish between longitude and latitude, which is the vertical line connecting North and South, which is the horizontal line connecting things, often confused the two. Later, the teacher taught him to learn knowledge and told him that “jing (jīng)” and “stem” (jǐng) are cognates and are all from the standpoint of righteousness. Although the stems of the plant have many kinds of twining stems, climbing stems and creeping stems, the stems of most plants are erect stems, such as the stems of coniferous, sugarcane and the like. All except the crooked neck, the human head is straight. Radical “to” the meaning of this is the “water veins” (巛 is “Sichuan”, the original pictographic water), but also straight from righteousness. “Straight” “diameter” “shin” (calf) with the straightforward.