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本文从政治化书写的角度探讨二十世纪西方文学中西藏形象产生的背景、具体的文学表现以及相应的叙事策略。二十世纪中期以来,西方文学中的西藏形象被烙上极为明显的政治色彩,呈现出一些新的特点。在选择性视角的支配下,西方人摒弃了过去对西藏的“蒙昧化”叙述,着力于强化围绕西藏形成的“香格里拉”神话。与此同时,作为一种西方常见的叙事模式,“中国人”总是作为邪恶的象征出现在美好的“香格里拉”化的西藏的对立面。西方文学所建构的这种对立分裂的西藏和中国形象与西方人根深蒂固的偏见与二元对立的冷战思维有着密切的联系。
This essay probes into the background, specific literary performance and corresponding narrative tactics of Tibet image in western literature in the 20th century from the angle of politicized writing. Since the middle of the 20th century, the image of Tibet in western literature has been branded with obvious political features and showing some new features. From the perspective of selective perspective, Westerners abandon their past narrative of “ignorance” in Tibet and focus on strengthening the “Shangri-La” myth around Tibet. At the same time, as a common Western narrative model, the “Chinese” always appears as the symbol of evil in the beautiful “Shangri-La” anti-Tibet. The secessionist image of Tibet and China constructed by Western literature and the deep-rooted prejudices of Westerners are closely linked with the binary opposition to the Cold War mentality.