毛细支气管炎是2岁以下婴幼儿喘息发作的主要原因，大多数是由病毒感染引起的。大多数毛细支气管炎患儿经过临床治疗可以康复，但也有部分患儿可能出现反复喘息，甚至发展为支气管哮喘。毛细支气管炎导致反复喘息发作的危险因素多、机制复杂。其危险因素主要包括：易感基因、初次喘息时感染的病毒种类、特应性体质、暴露于学龄兄弟姊妹、烟草暴露、哮喘家族史、特异性免疫球蛋白E(IgE)增高、高血液嗜酸性粒细胞计数等。该文对毛细支气管炎后反复喘息的危险因素进行综述。“,”Bronchiolitis is the main cause of wheezing episodes in infants under 2 years old.Most of them are caused by virus infection.Most of the children with bronchiolitis can recover after clinical treatment, but some of them may have recurrent wheezing or even asthma.There are many risk factors and complicated pathogenesis of recurrent wheezing after bronchiolitis.Risk factors mainly include: susceptible gene, virus type infected in the first wheezing, atopy, exposure to school-age siblings, tobacco exposure, family history of asthma, increased specific IgE, high blood eosinophils count, etc.In this paper, the risk factors of recurrent wheezing after bronchiolitis are introduced as follows.