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为了揭示氮素对小麦蛋白质品质的调节效应,以扬麦9号为材料,研究了孕穗期施氮对小麦籽粒蛋白质组分积累及胚乳细胞蛋白质体发育的影响。结果表明:(1)随花后天数的增加,小麦籽粒清蛋白含量呈现由高到低的变化,球蛋白含量先下降,后期又升高;而醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白含量基本呈现由低到高的变化;(2)孕穗期施氮能显著提高醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白含量,而对清蛋白和球蛋白含量影响较小;(3)小麦胚乳细胞中蛋白质体约在花后12 d出现,花后16 d蛋白质体开始大量合成,其数目迅速增多,体积变大。成熟后期,蛋白质体因胚乳细胞中大小淀粉体的充实被挤成片层结构而填充在淀粉体缝隙中。胚乳边缘细胞中蛋白质体大而多,中部细胞蛋白质体小而少;(4)孕穗期施氮可促进蛋白质体的形成,使其数目增多。
In order to reveal the regulatory effect of nitrogen on the protein quality of wheat, the effects of nitrogen application on grain protein accumulation and endosperm cell protoplast development in wheat at booting stage were studied using Yangmai 9 as material. The results showed that: (1) With the increase of days after anthesis, the content of albumin in wheat grain varied from high to low, the content of globulin decreased first and then increased, while the content of gliadin and glutenin decreased from low to (2) At the booting stage, nitrogen application significantly increased the content of gliadin and glutenin, but had little effect on the content of albumin and globulin. (3) Proteosomes in wheat endosperm cells appeared about 12 days after anthesis At 16 days after flowering, the proteosome began to be synthesized in a large amount, its number increased rapidly and its volume became larger. In late maturity, the proteosomes are squeezed into lamellar structures due to the enrichment of amyloids in the endosperm cells, filling in the amyloplast gap. Endosperm cells in the edge of the large and large number of protoplasts, the central cell protein small and small; (4) Booting nitrogen can promote the formation of proteosomes, so that the number increased.