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柑桔无核性是一个优良性状,国内外长期以来都把选育无核品种作为柑桔选育种的主要目标。如华盛顿脐橙,沙莫蒂、佩拉,塔罗科及温州蜜桔等世界名牌柑桔品种,都是无核或少核。辐射育种是培育柑桔无核品种常用的育种方法,它具有效果好,时间短,方法简便等优点。最突出的例子是美国Hensz(1970)对有核的哈特生葡萄柚用快中子流处理,培育出著名的无核星红玉(Star Ruby)葡萄柚。我国辐射育种二十多年获得了一些有希望的突变体,中国农业科学院柑桔研究所(1979),以四川红桔和锦橙种子为试材,用~(60)Co—γ射线处理,获得少核418红桔及少核、无核锦橙突变株系,广西新光农场1973年用γ射线处理雪柑芽条;已选育出少核雪柑2株(雪柑9—12—1和9—12—4);华南农业大学自1973以来用γ射线处理暗柳橙芽条,获得少核突变体,单果种子最少的3.8粒。本试验研究以新会橙,暗柳橙、栟柑、沙田柚等品种为试材,从1982年开始用~(60)Co—γ射线进行芽条处理,现将试验结果报告如下。
Citrus non-nuclear is an excellent trait, both at home and abroad have long been breeding non-nuclear varieties as the main goal of breeding of citrus. Such as Washington navel orange, Chamo Di, Pera, Tarot and Wenzhou tangerine and other world famous brand of citrus, are non-nuclear or less nuclear. Radiation breeding is a commonly used breeding method to cultivate citrus non-nuclear cultivars. It has the advantages of good effect, short time and simple method. The most prominent example is the United States by Hensz (1970) of the nuclear Hudson grapefruit fast neutron flow treatment, cultivate the famous non-star star ruby (Star Ruby) grapefruit. In our country, more than 20 years of radiation breeding have obtained some promising mutants. Citrus Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1979), using Sichuan red orange and orange seeds as test materials, treated with ~ (60) Co-γ ray, Access to less nuclear 418 red orange and less nucleus, non-nuclear Kam orange mutant strains, Guangxi Xinguang farm in 1973 with gamma-ray treatment of citrus buds; has been bred less nuclear Xue Xue 2 (Xue Gan 9-12-1 And 9-12-4); South China Agricultural University since 1973 with gamma-ray treatment of dark orange buds, to obtain fewer nuclear mutants, the smallest fruit seed 3.8. In this study, Xinhui orange, dark orange, citrus, pomelo and other varieties as the test material, starting from 1982 with ~ (60) Co-γ ray bud treatment, the test results are reported as follows.