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编者按:“come about,come across,come down,come up……这些长相酷似的短语为什么会是一道题的四个选项?难道答案是ABCD?”你是否常常因为这些“N胞胎”而抓狂?专门为大家排忧解难的小编邀请资深英语教师来为大家详细剖析几组这类易混短语,走过路过千万不要错过哦!
●come高频短语
1. come about 表示“发生,产生”。例如:—Can you explain how it came about that you were late again, Jimmy? —Sorry, sir. My alarm clock went wrong. —吉姆,你能解释一下你怎么又迟到了吗?—不好意思,我的闹钟坏了。
辨析:come about和happen,take place的区别。
come about表示“发生、产生”,多指事情已经发生了,但还不知道为什么,常用于疑问句和否定句。happen常指具体事件的发生,特别指那些偶然的突发性事件或未能预见的“发生”。take place通常指非偶然性的“(某事)按计划进行或按计划发生”,即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例如:
(1)Do you know how the air accident came about? 你知道空难是怎么发生的吗?
(2)Maybe something unexpected happened. 可能发生了一些出乎意料的事情。
(3)The meeting will take place next Friday. 会议将在下周五举行。
2. come across表示“偶然遇见,碰上”,相当于run across或meet by chance。
高考链接:(2011安徽卷)If you come across faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price. 如果你发现了瑕疵,但还是想买这辆自行车,你可以要求店员减价。
(2011天津卷)She came across an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store. 昨天在商店购物的时候,她碰到了她的老朋友。
3. come down 表示“倒下,降低,跌落,流传”。例如:
(1)The child’s temperature came down in the morning.早上,孩子的体温降下来了。
(2)The girl’s necklace had come down to her from her grandmother.这女孩的项链是她祖母传下来的。
高考链接:(2006江苏卷)—Four dollars a pair? I think it’s a bit too much. —If you buy three pairs, the price for each will come down to three fifty. —4美元一双,有点贵。—如果你买三双的话,每双价格可下降为3.5美元。
4. come out 表示“出版,出来,(秘密等)泄露, 结果是,开花”。例如:Several republican senators have come out in support of ratification. 一些共和党参议员已站出来表示批准该条约。
辨析:come out和publish的区别。
come out表示“出版、发行”时,是不及物动词词组,主语就是书、唱片、杂志等,后面不能接宾语。而publish也表示“出版、发行”,但是是及物动词,后面可接宾语,有被动的结构。例如:
(1)His new album came out last year. 他的新专辑去年出版了。
(2)Her second novel was published in July. 她的第二部小说在7月份出版了。
5. come true 表示“实现、成真”。
辨析:come true和realize的区别。
come true 和realize都有“实现(理想、愿望等)”之意,但两者用法不同。come true 是不及物动词词组,通常用表示“理想、愿望等”的名词作句子的主语,较口语化。而realize是及物动词,常用于“sb. realize sth.”这种结构,较书面化。此外,realize除了有“实现”的意思,还可以表示“意识到、认识到、了解等”。例如:
(1)His dream of becoming a teacher came true. 他当教师的理想实现了。
(2)Her dream of going abroad was finally realized. 她出国的梦想终于实现了。
(3)The Chinese people are working hard to realize the modernizations. 中国人民正在为实现现代化而努力工作。
(4)He has not realized her own mistakes. 他还没有认识到自己的错误。
6. come up表示“走过来,上升,被提出来,出现,发芽”。例如:The questions will probably come up at the meeting. 会上很可能会提出这些问题。 ●look高频短语
1. look down upon/ on表示“看不起,瞧不起”。例如:Gone are the days when farmers were looked down upon. 农民被看不起的日子已经过去了。
2. look into表示“调查、研究,窥视、向里面看去,浏览、快速查阅(书等),对……作短暂的访问或参观,顺便进入”。例如:Mr. Jones said he was looking into the possibility of buying a house. 琼斯先生说他正在研究买房子的可能性。
辨析:look into和investigate,survey的区别。
look into表示“调查”,意思和investigate相近,有时可以互换,但look into更口语化,属于非正式用语。investigate意为“调查”,通常指调查事件等,属于正式用语。survey表示“调查、勘测”,通常是指问卷调查、研究等。例如:
(1)A working party has been set up to look into the problem. 已成立工作组调查该问题。
(2)The police are investigating the murder. 警察正在调查这件谋杀案。
(3)A recent survey of public opinions shows that most people are worried about the increasing crime. 一份最近的民意调查表明,大多数人对不断增长的犯罪率表示忧虑。
3. look on表示“旁观,当作”,常与 as 连用。
辨析:look on... as和treat... as,regard... as的区别。
look... as表示“把……看作、视为”,后面一般接名词。treat... as主要表示行动上“看待、对待”。regard... as主要指思想上、感情上“将……看成是”,暗含说话人根据外部情况观察所得出的估价。例如:
(1)He looks on me as his sister. 他把我看作他的姐姐。
(2)Although the Negroes were human beings just like the whites, they were not treated as human beings equally. 虽然黑种人和白种人一样都是人,但却没有被公平地对待。
(3)Today, Abraham Lincoln is regarded as one of the greatest of all American presidents. 今天,林肯被认为是最伟大的美国总统之一。
4. look through表示“翻阅,浏览,彻底调查,仔细检查”。例如:I spend two hours looking through the students’papers. 我花了两小时浏览学生的试卷。
高考链接:(2009湖北卷)Would you please look through the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes? 你能帮我仔细检查一下这份试卷,看看有没有明显的错误吗?
5. look up表示“(在词典中)查阅,向上看”。例如:If you don’t understand the meaning of the word, you can look it up in the dictionary. 如果你不理解单词的意思,去字典里查一下这个单词。
高考链接:(2011四川卷)I often look up the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the Internet. 我经常用字典或在网上查我不认识的单词。
6. look up to表示“仰视,尊敬”。例如:It’s a good tradition to look up to the old. 尊重老年人是一种优良传统。
高考链接:(2010安徽卷)No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone looking up to you wishing they were that high. 无论你认为自己有多低微,总会有人仰望你,并且希望他们也能像你一样高大。
7. look forward to表示“盼望、期待”。例如:I am looking forward to seeing you again some day next month in Shanghai. 我很期盼下个月的某一天在上海遇见你。
●cut高频短语
1. cut across表示“抄近路、走捷径,折断、打断, 与……相抵触”。例如:In order not to be late, she cut across the fields. 为了不迟到,她抄近路穿过田野。
2. cut down表示“削减、删减,砍下、砍倒”。例如:Cut down the article so as to make it fit the space available on the paper. 把文章缩短一些,这样就能排进报纸剩余的版面了。
辨析:cut down和decrease,reduce,decline,lessen的区别。 cut down表示“减少,缩短,删节”,一般用于价格等的减少。decrease表示“减少”,常用于工农产品产量等减少,也指数量的减少,可作动词和名词。reduce表示“减少,缩小,简化,还原”,一般用于数量的减少,或是距离的减小。decline表示“下降,拒绝”,常在图表描述中表示急剧降低或是销售和利润上的滑落,可作动词和名词。lessen表示“减轻、缓解”,常引申为减轻负担。例如:
(1)The doctor told him to cut down on his drinking. 医生劝他少喝酒。
(2)Is your production on the decrease? 你们的产量在减少吗?
(3)While driving, please reduce the speed to ensure the safety. 开车时,请减速以确保安全。
(4)The decline on profit makes the manager felt worried. 利润的下降使得经理很担心。
(5)Regular exercise can help to lessen the pain. 经常运动有助于减轻痛感。
高考链接:(2013陕西卷)My uncle hasn’t been able to quit smoking, but at least he has cut down. 我叔叔虽然没能够戒烟,但至少量减少了。
3. cut in 表示“插嘴、打岔,干预,突然插到……前面,允许加入”。例如:
(1)She kept cutting in on our conversation. 我们谈话时她老是插嘴。
(2)I think I ought to cut in on what they are doing. 我想我应该对他们所做的事情进行干预。
(3)He was stopped when he tried to cut in on the queue. 他试图超车的时候被人拦住了。
辨析:cut in和interrupt, disturb的区别。
cut in表示“中途切入、插嘴、 干预”。interrupt表示“打扰,打断,阻碍”,常有“使某事中断、停止”的意思,尤指在另一个人讲话时用问题或评论去打断。disturb表示“烦扰、打搅、妨碍”,常指因此失去了正常的状态或导致困难产生。
(1)I was enjoying the dance until that rude man cut in. 我正跳得高兴,却被那鲁莽的男人打断了。
(2)His speech was constantly interrupted by applause. 他的讲话频频被掌声所打断。
(3)Bad dreams disturbed her sleep. 噩梦妨碍她的睡眠。
高考链接:(2005湖南卷)I was just talking to Mar-garet when Jackson cut in. 我正与马克雷特谈话时,突然被杰克逊打断。
4. cut off表示“切断,隔绝,中断,停掉,挡住”。例如:
(1)The village was cut off by the snow for more than a month. 由于大雪,村子与外界隔绝了一个多月。
(2)I was cut off in the middle of the telephone call. 我的话讲了一半,电话中断了。
(3)The building cut off our view. 那座建筑物阻挡了我们的视线。
5. cut out表示“剪去,删掉,戒掉,省略,停止做某事”。例如:
(1)I cut out his picture from the paper. 我把他的照片从报纸上剪下来。
(2)He has decided to cut out smoking and drinking. 他已下决心戒烟、戒酒。
辨析:cut out和delete的区别。
cut out表示“去除、剪下、删掉”。delete表示“删除”,主要是指编辑审稿中删掉不必要的文字或章节,或在文字上用画线的方法删去,常与介词from连用,表示“从……中删去”,也可表示去掉不要的东西。例如:
(1)The doctor cut out his tonsils. 医生切除了他的扁桃腺。
(2)Delete his name from the list. 把他的名字从名单上删去。
6. cut through表示“凿穿,从……中穿过”。例如:We are going to cut through the mountain to build a free way here. 我们将凿穿山脉修建公路。
7. cut up表示“切碎,砍伤,使心碎,谴责、严厉批评”。例如:
(1)She cut up the cake and gave each of us a piece. 她切开蛋糕,给我们每人分了一块。
(2)The film was severely cut up by many reviewers. 这部电影受到许多评论者的严厉批评。
●come高频短语
1. come about 表示“发生,产生”。例如:—Can you explain how it came about that you were late again, Jimmy? —Sorry, sir. My alarm clock went wrong. —吉姆,你能解释一下你怎么又迟到了吗?—不好意思,我的闹钟坏了。
辨析:come about和happen,take place的区别。
come about表示“发生、产生”,多指事情已经发生了,但还不知道为什么,常用于疑问句和否定句。happen常指具体事件的发生,特别指那些偶然的突发性事件或未能预见的“发生”。take place通常指非偶然性的“(某事)按计划进行或按计划发生”,即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例如:
(1)Do you know how the air accident came about? 你知道空难是怎么发生的吗?
(2)Maybe something unexpected happened. 可能发生了一些出乎意料的事情。
(3)The meeting will take place next Friday. 会议将在下周五举行。
2. come across表示“偶然遇见,碰上”,相当于run across或meet by chance。
高考链接:(2011安徽卷)If you come across faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price. 如果你发现了瑕疵,但还是想买这辆自行车,你可以要求店员减价。
(2011天津卷)She came across an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store. 昨天在商店购物的时候,她碰到了她的老朋友。
3. come down 表示“倒下,降低,跌落,流传”。例如:
(1)The child’s temperature came down in the morning.早上,孩子的体温降下来了。
(2)The girl’s necklace had come down to her from her grandmother.这女孩的项链是她祖母传下来的。
高考链接:(2006江苏卷)—Four dollars a pair? I think it’s a bit too much. —If you buy three pairs, the price for each will come down to three fifty. —4美元一双,有点贵。—如果你买三双的话,每双价格可下降为3.5美元。
4. come out 表示“出版,出来,(秘密等)泄露, 结果是,开花”。例如:Several republican senators have come out in support of ratification. 一些共和党参议员已站出来表示批准该条约。
辨析:come out和publish的区别。
come out表示“出版、发行”时,是不及物动词词组,主语就是书、唱片、杂志等,后面不能接宾语。而publish也表示“出版、发行”,但是是及物动词,后面可接宾语,有被动的结构。例如:
(1)His new album came out last year. 他的新专辑去年出版了。
(2)Her second novel was published in July. 她的第二部小说在7月份出版了。
5. come true 表示“实现、成真”。
辨析:come true和realize的区别。
come true 和realize都有“实现(理想、愿望等)”之意,但两者用法不同。come true 是不及物动词词组,通常用表示“理想、愿望等”的名词作句子的主语,较口语化。而realize是及物动词,常用于“sb. realize sth.”这种结构,较书面化。此外,realize除了有“实现”的意思,还可以表示“意识到、认识到、了解等”。例如:
(1)His dream of becoming a teacher came true. 他当教师的理想实现了。
(2)Her dream of going abroad was finally realized. 她出国的梦想终于实现了。
(3)The Chinese people are working hard to realize the modernizations. 中国人民正在为实现现代化而努力工作。
(4)He has not realized her own mistakes. 他还没有认识到自己的错误。
6. come up表示“走过来,上升,被提出来,出现,发芽”。例如:The questions will probably come up at the meeting. 会上很可能会提出这些问题。 ●look高频短语
1. look down upon/ on表示“看不起,瞧不起”。例如:Gone are the days when farmers were looked down upon. 农民被看不起的日子已经过去了。
2. look into表示“调查、研究,窥视、向里面看去,浏览、快速查阅(书等),对……作短暂的访问或参观,顺便进入”。例如:Mr. Jones said he was looking into the possibility of buying a house. 琼斯先生说他正在研究买房子的可能性。
辨析:look into和investigate,survey的区别。
look into表示“调查”,意思和investigate相近,有时可以互换,但look into更口语化,属于非正式用语。investigate意为“调查”,通常指调查事件等,属于正式用语。survey表示“调查、勘测”,通常是指问卷调查、研究等。例如:
(1)A working party has been set up to look into the problem. 已成立工作组调查该问题。
(2)The police are investigating the murder. 警察正在调查这件谋杀案。
(3)A recent survey of public opinions shows that most people are worried about the increasing crime. 一份最近的民意调查表明,大多数人对不断增长的犯罪率表示忧虑。
3. look on表示“旁观,当作”,常与 as 连用。
辨析:look on... as和treat... as,regard... as的区别。
look... as表示“把……看作、视为”,后面一般接名词。treat... as主要表示行动上“看待、对待”。regard... as主要指思想上、感情上“将……看成是”,暗含说话人根据外部情况观察所得出的估价。例如:
(1)He looks on me as his sister. 他把我看作他的姐姐。
(2)Although the Negroes were human beings just like the whites, they were not treated as human beings equally. 虽然黑种人和白种人一样都是人,但却没有被公平地对待。
(3)Today, Abraham Lincoln is regarded as one of the greatest of all American presidents. 今天,林肯被认为是最伟大的美国总统之一。
4. look through表示“翻阅,浏览,彻底调查,仔细检查”。例如:I spend two hours looking through the students’papers. 我花了两小时浏览学生的试卷。
高考链接:(2009湖北卷)Would you please look through the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes? 你能帮我仔细检查一下这份试卷,看看有没有明显的错误吗?
5. look up表示“(在词典中)查阅,向上看”。例如:If you don’t understand the meaning of the word, you can look it up in the dictionary. 如果你不理解单词的意思,去字典里查一下这个单词。
高考链接:(2011四川卷)I often look up the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the Internet. 我经常用字典或在网上查我不认识的单词。
6. look up to表示“仰视,尊敬”。例如:It’s a good tradition to look up to the old. 尊重老年人是一种优良传统。
高考链接:(2010安徽卷)No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone looking up to you wishing they were that high. 无论你认为自己有多低微,总会有人仰望你,并且希望他们也能像你一样高大。
7. look forward to表示“盼望、期待”。例如:I am looking forward to seeing you again some day next month in Shanghai. 我很期盼下个月的某一天在上海遇见你。
●cut高频短语
1. cut across表示“抄近路、走捷径,折断、打断, 与……相抵触”。例如:In order not to be late, she cut across the fields. 为了不迟到,她抄近路穿过田野。
2. cut down表示“削减、删减,砍下、砍倒”。例如:Cut down the article so as to make it fit the space available on the paper. 把文章缩短一些,这样就能排进报纸剩余的版面了。
辨析:cut down和decrease,reduce,decline,lessen的区别。 cut down表示“减少,缩短,删节”,一般用于价格等的减少。decrease表示“减少”,常用于工农产品产量等减少,也指数量的减少,可作动词和名词。reduce表示“减少,缩小,简化,还原”,一般用于数量的减少,或是距离的减小。decline表示“下降,拒绝”,常在图表描述中表示急剧降低或是销售和利润上的滑落,可作动词和名词。lessen表示“减轻、缓解”,常引申为减轻负担。例如:
(1)The doctor told him to cut down on his drinking. 医生劝他少喝酒。
(2)Is your production on the decrease? 你们的产量在减少吗?
(3)While driving, please reduce the speed to ensure the safety. 开车时,请减速以确保安全。
(4)The decline on profit makes the manager felt worried. 利润的下降使得经理很担心。
(5)Regular exercise can help to lessen the pain. 经常运动有助于减轻痛感。
高考链接:(2013陕西卷)My uncle hasn’t been able to quit smoking, but at least he has cut down. 我叔叔虽然没能够戒烟,但至少量减少了。
3. cut in 表示“插嘴、打岔,干预,突然插到……前面,允许加入”。例如:
(1)She kept cutting in on our conversation. 我们谈话时她老是插嘴。
(2)I think I ought to cut in on what they are doing. 我想我应该对他们所做的事情进行干预。
(3)He was stopped when he tried to cut in on the queue. 他试图超车的时候被人拦住了。
辨析:cut in和interrupt, disturb的区别。
cut in表示“中途切入、插嘴、 干预”。interrupt表示“打扰,打断,阻碍”,常有“使某事中断、停止”的意思,尤指在另一个人讲话时用问题或评论去打断。disturb表示“烦扰、打搅、妨碍”,常指因此失去了正常的状态或导致困难产生。
(1)I was enjoying the dance until that rude man cut in. 我正跳得高兴,却被那鲁莽的男人打断了。
(2)His speech was constantly interrupted by applause. 他的讲话频频被掌声所打断。
(3)Bad dreams disturbed her sleep. 噩梦妨碍她的睡眠。
高考链接:(2005湖南卷)I was just talking to Mar-garet when Jackson cut in. 我正与马克雷特谈话时,突然被杰克逊打断。
4. cut off表示“切断,隔绝,中断,停掉,挡住”。例如:
(1)The village was cut off by the snow for more than a month. 由于大雪,村子与外界隔绝了一个多月。
(2)I was cut off in the middle of the telephone call. 我的话讲了一半,电话中断了。
(3)The building cut off our view. 那座建筑物阻挡了我们的视线。
5. cut out表示“剪去,删掉,戒掉,省略,停止做某事”。例如:
(1)I cut out his picture from the paper. 我把他的照片从报纸上剪下来。
(2)He has decided to cut out smoking and drinking. 他已下决心戒烟、戒酒。
辨析:cut out和delete的区别。
cut out表示“去除、剪下、删掉”。delete表示“删除”,主要是指编辑审稿中删掉不必要的文字或章节,或在文字上用画线的方法删去,常与介词from连用,表示“从……中删去”,也可表示去掉不要的东西。例如:
(1)The doctor cut out his tonsils. 医生切除了他的扁桃腺。
(2)Delete his name from the list. 把他的名字从名单上删去。
6. cut through表示“凿穿,从……中穿过”。例如:We are going to cut through the mountain to build a free way here. 我们将凿穿山脉修建公路。
7. cut up表示“切碎,砍伤,使心碎,谴责、严厉批评”。例如:
(1)She cut up the cake and gave each of us a piece. 她切开蛋糕,给我们每人分了一块。
(2)The film was severely cut up by many reviewers. 这部电影受到许多评论者的严厉批评。