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纵观历年高考试题，非谓语动词一直都是高考考查的重点，而且是热点，还是学生的难点。下面就非谓语动词的难点及特殊用法进行一下归纳和总结：
一、现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的区别
如果是意义上的主谓关系，一般用现在分词；如果是意义上的动宾关系，则一般用过去分词。
Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful.
从山顶上看，这个公园显得更加美丽。（see与主语the park之间存在动宾关系）Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.
从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。（see与主语we之间存在主谓关系）
（2012北京卷27）_______ with care， one tin will last for six weeks.
A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use
【答案】C
【解析】分析句子结构可知，逗号前为非谓语动词作状语，空白处与句子的主语是逻辑上的动宾关系。四个选项中，A、B、D三个选项均表示主动，可排除；C选项为过去分词，表示被动，符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。
（2012陕西卷15.）_______in a long queue， we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.
A. Standing B.a To stand
C.Stood D. Stand
【答案】A
【解析】结合选项分析句子结构可知，逗号前为非谓语动词作伴随状语，空白处与句子主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，由此可排除最后两个选项，B选项不作伴随状语，A选项可作伴随状语、时间状语、原因状语等。因此，正确答案为A选项。
【难度】一般
（09重庆）29. Michael’s new house is like a huge palace， ______with his old one.
A. comparing B. compares
C. to compare D. compared
【答案】D
（2006年浙江）5. When ______ different cultures， we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared
【答案】C
练习：
1. ______the youth to the rising sun at 8 or 9 am， Mao Zedong expressed his great hope for young men.
A. comparing B. compares
C. to compare D. compared
【答案】A
二、现在分词作定语与过去分词作定语的区别
现在分词（短语）作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动或进行。过去分词（短语）作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。
The boy standing at the door is my cousin. （the boy 与stand 存在主谓关系）
For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit grown on his own farm.（fresh fruit与grow是被动关系）
（2012山东卷35）After completing and signing it， please return the form to us in the envelope ______.
A. providing B. provided
C. having provided D. provide
【答案】B
【解析】句意：写完并签上名之后，请把这个表格放在提供的信封里还给我们。envelope和provide之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。
（2010全国卷I 27）. Mrs. White showed her student some old maps _________from the library.
A. to borrow B. to be borrowed
C. borrowed D. borrowing
（2010湖南卷30）. So far nobody has claimed the money ___________________in the library.
A. discovered B. to be discovered
C. discovering D. having discovered
（2010北京卷25）. I'm calling to enquire about the position in yesterday's China Daily. A. advertised B. to be advertised
C. advertising D. having advertised
三、现在分词作宾语补足语与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别
现在分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系。现在分词作宾语补足语强调正在进行中的主动动作，即动作过程的一个部分。可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see，watch，hear，observe，feel，find，have，keep等。过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑宾语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。
He saw a boy getting on the bus.
他看见一个男孩正在上公交车。（强调动作正在进行）
When I opened the door，I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.
当我打开门时，我发现地面被落叶所覆盖。（the ground与cover之间是被动关系）
（2012四川卷12）Before driving into the city， you are required to get your car_______.
A. washed B. wash
C. washing D. to wash
【答案】A
【解析】根据使役动词的用法：get /have/make sth doing/done，结合此处your car和wash逻辑上构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语，故答案选A。如果表示主动或正在进行，则用现在分词做宾语补足语。
（2012辽宁卷25）The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dogthem.
A. to follow B. following
C. followed D. follows
【答案】B
【解析】with的宾语后面可加形容词、副词、分词、不定式、名词等作宾补，这儿pet dog与follow构成主谓关系，所以用following.
（2009全国II）They use computers to keep the traffic ______ smoothly.
A. being run B. run
C. to run D. running
（2010辽宁卷35）. Alexander tried to get his work _______in the medical circles .
A. to recognize B. recognizing
C. recognize D. recognized
四、某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中。
此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，这样的词有：lost（迷路的），seated（坐），located（坐落于）， faced with （面临）， hidden（躲），lost/absorbed in（沉溺于），dressed in（穿着），tired of（感到厌倦）等，不管它们作什么成分都不用其-ing形式。
Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.
专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
Dressed in red，she looks more beautiful.
穿着红色的衣服，她看上去更漂亮了。
（2008福建卷）33. – Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me？
A. seat B. sit
C. seated D. sat
（2008上海卷）37. Ideally ___ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue， the New York Park hotel is a favorite with many guests.
A. locating B. being located C. having been located D. located
（2006年四川）33. With so much trouble， we failed to complete the task on time.
A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face
【答案】A
（2005湖南卷）22. __ in a white uniform， he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed B. To dress
C. Dressing D. Having dressed
【答案】A
五、某些不及物动词短语belong to（属于）， consist of （组成）， date from，date back to（追溯到），不及物动词remain（剩下，保持）等没有被动语态，它们在句子中做定语，状语等要用其-ing形式
The team consisting of ten experts arrived in Beijing yesterday. The building ？ Roman times has been rebuilt recently.
A. dates back to B. date from
C. dating back to D. dated from
【答案】C
六、分词的独立结构
在用分词作状语时，它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致，但有时它可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立结构。
1. Weather permitting， we will go for a walk.
2. More time given， we would have done it much better.
（2012全国Ⅰ卷28）The party will be held in the garden， weather .
A. permitting B. to permit
C. permitted D. permit
【答案】A
【解析】题干逗号后为独立主格结构，空格处与“weather”是构成了逻辑上的主谓关系，应该使用现在分词形式。因此，正确答案为A选项。
[2007 重庆卷]31. The children went home from the grammar school， their lessons _______ for the day.
A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
试比较1.2小题：
1. Not far from the school there was a garden， _______ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.
A. its B. whose C. which D. that
【答案】A
2. Not far from the school there was a garden， _______ owner would be seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.
A. its B. whose C. which D. that
【答案】B
练习：
1. Tom received many gifts on his birthday， _______ appealing to him.
A. none of which B. none of them C. none of whom D. none of who
一、现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的区别
如果是意义上的主谓关系，一般用现在分词；如果是意义上的动宾关系，则一般用过去分词。
Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful.
从山顶上看，这个公园显得更加美丽。（see与主语the park之间存在动宾关系）Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.
从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。（see与主语we之间存在主谓关系）
（2012北京卷27）_______ with care， one tin will last for six weeks.
A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use
【答案】C
【解析】分析句子结构可知，逗号前为非谓语动词作状语，空白处与句子的主语是逻辑上的动宾关系。四个选项中，A、B、D三个选项均表示主动，可排除；C选项为过去分词，表示被动，符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。
（2012陕西卷15.）_______in a long queue， we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.
A. Standing B.a To stand
C.Stood D. Stand
【答案】A
【解析】结合选项分析句子结构可知，逗号前为非谓语动词作伴随状语，空白处与句子主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，由此可排除最后两个选项，B选项不作伴随状语，A选项可作伴随状语、时间状语、原因状语等。因此，正确答案为A选项。
【难度】一般
（09重庆）29. Michael’s new house is like a huge palace， ______with his old one.
A. comparing B. compares
C. to compare D. compared
【答案】D
（2006年浙江）5. When ______ different cultures， we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared
【答案】C
练习：
1. ______the youth to the rising sun at 8 or 9 am， Mao Zedong expressed his great hope for young men.
A. comparing B. compares
C. to compare D. compared
【答案】A
二、现在分词作定语与过去分词作定语的区别
现在分词（短语）作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动或进行。过去分词（短语）作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。
The boy standing at the door is my cousin. （the boy 与stand 存在主谓关系）
For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit grown on his own farm.（fresh fruit与grow是被动关系）
（2012山东卷35）After completing and signing it， please return the form to us in the envelope ______.
A. providing B. provided
C. having provided D. provide
【答案】B
【解析】句意：写完并签上名之后，请把这个表格放在提供的信封里还给我们。envelope和provide之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。
（2010全国卷I 27）. Mrs. White showed her student some old maps _________from the library.
A. to borrow B. to be borrowed
C. borrowed D. borrowing
（2010湖南卷30）. So far nobody has claimed the money ___________________in the library.
A. discovered B. to be discovered
C. discovering D. having discovered
（2010北京卷25）. I'm calling to enquire about the position in yesterday's China Daily. A. advertised B. to be advertised
C. advertising D. having advertised
三、现在分词作宾语补足语与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别
现在分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系。现在分词作宾语补足语强调正在进行中的主动动作，即动作过程的一个部分。可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see，watch，hear，observe，feel，find，have，keep等。过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑宾语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。
He saw a boy getting on the bus.
他看见一个男孩正在上公交车。（强调动作正在进行）
When I opened the door，I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.
当我打开门时，我发现地面被落叶所覆盖。（the ground与cover之间是被动关系）
（2012四川卷12）Before driving into the city， you are required to get your car_______.
A. washed B. wash
C. washing D. to wash
【答案】A
【解析】根据使役动词的用法：get /have/make sth doing/done，结合此处your car和wash逻辑上构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语，故答案选A。如果表示主动或正在进行，则用现在分词做宾语补足语。
（2012辽宁卷25）The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dogthem.
A. to follow B. following
C. followed D. follows
【答案】B
【解析】with的宾语后面可加形容词、副词、分词、不定式、名词等作宾补，这儿pet dog与follow构成主谓关系，所以用following.
（2009全国II）They use computers to keep the traffic ______ smoothly.
A. being run B. run
C. to run D. running
（2010辽宁卷35）. Alexander tried to get his work _______in the medical circles .
A. to recognize B. recognizing
C. recognize D. recognized
四、某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中。
此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，这样的词有：lost（迷路的），seated（坐），located（坐落于）， faced with （面临）， hidden（躲），lost/absorbed in（沉溺于），dressed in（穿着），tired of（感到厌倦）等，不管它们作什么成分都不用其-ing形式。
Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.
专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
Dressed in red，she looks more beautiful.
穿着红色的衣服，她看上去更漂亮了。
（2008福建卷）33. – Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me？
A. seat B. sit
C. seated D. sat
（2008上海卷）37. Ideally ___ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue， the New York Park hotel is a favorite with many guests.
A. locating B. being located C. having been located D. located
（2006年四川）33. With so much trouble， we failed to complete the task on time.
A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face
【答案】A
（2005湖南卷）22. __ in a white uniform， he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed B. To dress
C. Dressing D. Having dressed
【答案】A
五、某些不及物动词短语belong to（属于）， consist of （组成）， date from，date back to（追溯到），不及物动词remain（剩下，保持）等没有被动语态，它们在句子中做定语，状语等要用其-ing形式
The team consisting of ten experts arrived in Beijing yesterday. The building ？ Roman times has been rebuilt recently.
A. dates back to B. date from
C. dating back to D. dated from
【答案】C
六、分词的独立结构
在用分词作状语时，它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致，但有时它可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立结构。
1. Weather permitting， we will go for a walk.
2. More time given， we would have done it much better.
（2012全国Ⅰ卷28）The party will be held in the garden， weather .
A. permitting B. to permit
C. permitted D. permit
【答案】A
【解析】题干逗号后为独立主格结构，空格处与“weather”是构成了逻辑上的主谓关系，应该使用现在分词形式。因此，正确答案为A选项。
[2007 重庆卷]31. The children went home from the grammar school， their lessons _______ for the day.
A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
试比较1.2小题：
1. Not far from the school there was a garden， _______ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.
A. its B. whose C. which D. that
【答案】A
2. Not far from the school there was a garden， _______ owner would be seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.
A. its B. whose C. which D. that
【答案】B
练习：
1. Tom received many gifts on his birthday， _______ appealing to him.
A. none of which B. none of them C. none of whom D. none of who