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虽大多数鼻衄来自鼻腔前部,易控制,但来自后和上份的出血仍难处理,后孔填塞失败率约26％～52％,对老年患者尤难耐受。已知并发症有:鼻翼及中隔坏死,低氧血症,心肌梗死,中风,猝死,输血并发症也 增多,故极需寻找控制严重鼻衄的方法。经上颌窦结扎颌内动脉(IMA)虽疗效高,但并发症率约13％～47％。1974年Sokoloff等首述用选择性血管造影行同侧IMA栓塞治疗严重鼻衄成功以来,几经多人改进,强调行栓塞前必先行双侧颈内(ICA)及颈外动脉(ECA)造
Although most of the epistaxis comes from the front of the nasal cavity and is easy to control, the bleeding from the back and top is still hard to handle. The rate of posterior orifice packing failure is about 26% -52%, which is especially hard for the elderly. Known complications are: nasal and septal necrosis, hypoxemia, myocardial infarction, stroke, sudden death, transfusion complications also increased, it is extremely necessary to find ways to control severe epistaxis. The maxillary sinus ligation of the internal mammary artery (IMA) although the high efficacy, but the complication rate of about 13% to 47%. Since 1974, Sokoloff et al. First described the use of ipsilateral IMA embolization with selective angiography for the treatment of severe rhinosinus, several improvements have been made to emphasize the need for bilateral internal carotid (ICA) and external carotid (ECA)