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洞庭湖区早稻生育前期,冷空气活动频繁。据沅江县1955—1983年28年的气候资料分析,在5月上旬≤15℃、5月中旬≤17℃、5月下旬≤20℃的低温连续3天以上出现年份有19年,共37次。其中,一年出现3次以上的有5年。出现2次的有7年;每次持续时间长达5—6天的有11次,长达8—9天的有2次,长达11—12天的也有2次。5月低温,严重地影响早稻分蘖,造成僵苗迟发;在5月下旬出现低温的年份,还会影响早稻早熟品种的幼穗分化,使颖花大量退化,或者形成畸形颖花,造成不实。为此,针对湖区5月低温对早稻的危害,从1979年起,我处组织了一系列的避灾试验,现将试验结果综述如下。
Dongting Lake early rice early growth, frequent cold air activities. According to Yuanjiang County’s climate data from 28 years from 1955 to 1983, it was found that there were 19 years of low temperature of ≤20 ℃ for more than 15 days in early May ≤15 ℃, mid-May ≤ 17 ℃, late May ≤20 ℃ for a total of 37 years . Among them, three times a year more than 5 years. 2 occurrences of 7 years; each duration of up to 5-6 days for 11 times, as long as 8-9 days for 2 times, as long as 11-12 days, there are 2 times. May low temperature, seriously affecting tillering of early rice, resulting in delayed late stiff; in late May appeared low temperature, but also affect the early maturing varieties of early panicle differentiation, so that a large number of spike degradation, or the formation of deformed spikes, resulting in not real. To this end, in response to the lake in May low temperature damage to early rice, from 1979 onwards, I organized a series of disaster avoidance tests, the test results are summarized below.