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本研究采用三因素混合实验设计,以健听儿童性别、年龄和音节类型作为自变量,鼻部第一共振峰(NF1)作为因变量,研究3～5岁健听儿童特定语音下的鼻音声学特征;采用多元方差分析的统计方法,比较3～5岁健听儿童和患有鼻音障碍的听障儿童特定语音下的NF1的差异,从而研究听障儿童的鼻音声学特征。研究结果表明:(1)健听儿童的NF1不受年龄和性别的影响,也不受发音部位的影响,只和所发音节中是否包含鼻声母有关,其中不含鼻声母的音节的NF1均值远大于含有鼻声母的音节;(2)鼻音功能低下的听障儿童在发包含鼻声母的音节时,和同年龄段健听儿童有显著差异,其NF1均值远大于健听儿童;(3)鼻音功能亢进的听障儿童在发不含鼻声母的音节时,和同年龄段健听儿童有显著差异,其NF1均值远小于健听儿童。
In this study, a three-factor mixed experimental design was used to study the gender, age and syllable type of children as the independent variable and the nasal first formant (NF1) as the dependent variable to study the nasal sounds The characteristics of nasal acoustics of hearing-impaired children were studied by using statistical methods of multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare the difference of NF1 in specific voice of hearing-impaired children aged 3 ~ 5 years and hearing-impaired children with nasal disturbance. The results showed that: (1) NFL in healthy children was not affected by age and sex, nor was it affected by the position of pronunciation. Only the nasal consonants were included in the syllable, and the NF1 mean of syllables without nasal consonants (2) There was a significant difference between the hearing impaired children with nasal acuity and the hearing impaired children in the same age group when they made syllables containing nasal consonants. (3) The hearing impaired children with nasal tone hyperactivity had no significant difference in syllabuses without nasal consonants and healthy children with the same age group, and the NF1 mean was much less than that of healthy children.