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为了在玻璃衬底上产生波导层,必须设法使这一层的折射率n大于周围介质的折射率。玻璃的折射率与玻璃的密度和构成玻璃的各种离子的电极化率有关,如果将重离子如Ag~+、K~+、Tl~+等扩散到玻璃中去取代较轻的离子Na~+和Li~+,在交换区的折射率就会高于非交换区,从而形成波导。 溶盐一般采用AgNO_3、TINO_3、KNO_3等,前二种波导国内已有人研究过,这里报告的是把抛光的K_7玻璃浸在KNO_3溶液中,在380℃恒温1～20小时制成的单模光波导。
In order to create a waveguide layer on a glass substrate, one must try to make the refractive index n of this layer greater than the refractive index of the surrounding medium. The refractive index of glass is related to the density of glass and the polarizability of various ions that constitute the glass. If heavy ions such as Ag ~ +, K ~ +, Tl ~ + are diffused into the glass to replace the lighter ions such as Na ~ + And Li ~ +, the refractive index of the exchange zone will be higher than the non-exchange zone, thus forming the waveguide. Soluble salts are generally used AgNO_3, TINO_3, KNO_3, the first two waveguides have been studied in the country, where the report is polished K_7 glass immersed in KNO_3 solution at 380 ℃ constant temperature of 1 to 20 hours made of single-mode light waveguide.