公私关系是道德哲学和现实社会的基本问题之一。关于这一论题的思想史研究成果已经非常丰富。但是,理论上的研究不足以充分揭示公与私的多元内涵及其复杂关联,以及对个体和社会所产生的具体影响,因此有必要把这一论题放置到具体情境下的个体实践中来研究。以张集馨的自撰年谱和日记《道咸宦海见闻录》为蓝本,从家庭与家族、卫国与徇情、士与官僚等方面,分析张集馨平衡道、国、同僚、民、家、个人各自所代表的不同类型的公与私之间关系的实践逻辑可以发现,张集馨仕途遭遇的困境的根源在于,当时已经丧失一个作为共同底线的公私观的社会条件。如果走不出以公之名贬低个人独立性的传统,公私实践逻辑就走不出张集馨的困境,现代意义上的公共性就难以可能。 Public-private relations are one of the basic problems of moral philosophy and real society. The history of intellectual history on this topic has been very rich. However, the theoretical research is not enough to fully reveal the multiple connotations of public and private as well as its complex relationship and the specific impact on individuals and society. Therefore, it is necessary to study this topic in the individual practice in specific situations . Taking Zhang Jixin’s self-authorizing chronicle and diary, “Da Xian Huan Hai Lu Wen Lu” as a base, Zhang Jixin analyzed the relationship between Zhang Jixin, his country, his colleagues, his people, his family and his family from the perspectives of family and family, patriotism, patronage and bureaucracy The logic of practice represented by the different types of public-private relations shows that the root cause of the plight of Zhang’s career was the loss of a social condition as a common public-private view at that time. If we can not walk out of the tradition of denigrating individual independence in the name of public, the logic of public-private practice will not be able to get out of the predicament of Zhang Jixin, and publicity in the modern sense will be impossible.