自律和自由是交互性的概念,因而不能以自由作为道德律的推导根据。所以康德在第二批判中以道德法则作为一种理性的事实来推导自由。这种排除一切经验质料的先验性质自由,会导致现实自由的缩减,即现实权力可能会要求不论现实怎么样,你还是应该遵循道德法则,自由于是成了一张空头支票,只剩下法则的强制性。道德自律带来的自由的这种胜利是压抑性的。 Self-regulation and freedom are concepts of interactivity, and therefore can not be based on the basis of morality. So in the second critique, Kant deduces freedom by virtue of the moral law as a rational fact. This a priori nature of excluding all empirical material leads to a reduction of real freedom, that is, real power may require that no matter what the reality is, you should still follow the moral law. Freedom thus becomes a short check, leaving only the law Mandatory. This victory of moral freedom and self-discipline is repressive.