一、引 言 模糊集概念的现实背景是概念的模糊性。模糊性是一种不确定性,正如随机性是不确定性一样。当然,这两种不确定性有着本质的区别。经典信息论只研究随机不确定性,广义信息论则把模糊性也作为自己的研究对象。 设x是某随机试验的一个可能出现的结果,其概率为p_(xo)。按照经典信息论的观点,在试验前关于x的随机不确定性程度,即在试验后出现x而获得的信息量I_x,完全由p_x所确定, I. INTRODUCTION The realistic background of the concept of fuzzy sets is the fuzziness of concepts. Ambiguity is an uncertainty, just as randomness is an uncertainty. Of course, there is an essential difference between the two types of uncertainty. Classical information theory only studies random uncertainty, and generalized information theory regards ambiguity as its own research object. Let x be a possible outcome of a randomized trial with probability p_ (xo). According to classical information theory point of view, the degree of random uncertainty about x before the test, that is, the amount of information I x obtained after the test x is completely determined by p_x,