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目的了解安徽省铜陵市居民有关结核病的知信行情况,为今后结核病健康促进工作策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层系统随机抽样方法,对962名12～70岁的居民进行问卷调查。结果安徽省铜陵市居民结核病防治知识总知晓率为78.7%,全部知晓率为31.0%,有关肺结核“诊治免费政策”和“能否治愈”的信息知晓率低至43.8%和66.2%;而“是否传染”“传播途径”及可疑症状等信息知晓率高达96.2%、90.9%和93.2%。多因素分析显示,与高中及以上文化组相比,小学及以下文化组(OR=1.894,95%CI:1.068～3.359)和初中及以下文化组更容易得低分(OR=1.867,95%CI:1.134～3.073);城市居民比农村居民更容易得低分(OR=1.897,95%CI:1.097～3.280)。认为肺结核“很严重”和“比较严重”的人分别占32.8%和54.1%。95.8%的人表示咳嗽、咳痰超过2周会去看病,其中50.0%首选到结防机构看病。结论安徽省铜陵市城乡居民结核病知识知晓率较高,防范结核病的意识较强,证明近年来的结核病健康促进实践是有效的,应继续针对薄弱环节深化工作,重视对低教育程度人群开展健康教育,并进一步总结经验,将有效的工作模式向全国推广。
Objective To understand the status quo of TB knowledge among residents in Tongling City, Anhui Province, and provide the basis for future work on tuberculosis health promotion. Methods A total of 962 residents aged 12-70 years were surveyed by random sampling method using multi-stage stratified system. Results The total awareness rate of TB prevention and treatment among residents in Tongling City, Anhui Province was 78.7% and the total awareness rate was 31.0%. The awareness rate of information about tuberculosis, diagnosis and treatment free policy and cure rate was as low as 43.8% and 66.2% respectively. %; And the awareness of “infection”, “transmission route” and suspicious symptoms were as high as 96.2%, 90.9% and 93.2% respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that compared with those in high school and above, the scores of primary and lower education groups (OR = 1.894, 95% CI: 1.068-3.359) and lower education groups were lower (OR = 1.867, 95% CI: 1.134 ~ 3.073). Urban residents were more likely to get lower scores than rural residents (OR = 1.897, 95% CI: 1.097-3.280). Those who think that tuberculosis is “very serious” and “more serious” account for 32.8% and 54.1% respectively. 95.8% of the people said they coughed and sputum more than 2 weeks went to see a doctor, of which 50.0% preferred to see the anti-TB agency. Conclusion The knowledge of tuberculosis in urban and rural residents in Tongling City of Anhui Province is high and their consciousness of prevention of tuberculosis is strong. It proves that tuberculosis health promotion practice is effective in recent years. We should continue to deepen the work on the weak links and attach importance to health education for those with low education levels , And further sum up experience, the effective mode of work to promote the country.