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一、概况在作物生育期里,因为温度低(0℃至20℃)而影响作物的生长发育并引起减产的自然灾害,称为冷害。我国南北方都有冷害发生,而尤以北方为严重,近年的几个严重冷害年,东北地区粮食和大豆的减产幅度高达百亿斤以上,其中减产最严重的是水稻、高粱,其次为玉米、大豆、谷子,并且因降低种子质量影响第二年的生产。所以,作物冷害是影响地域广、减产幅度大的自然灾害之一。同国外一些国家相比较,我国对冷害的研究开始较晚。竺可桢于1964年在“论我国气候的几个特点及其与粮食作物生产的关系”一文中,指出了冷害影响的存在。同年,冯绍印、朴昌一对吉林省延边地区水稻产量与气象条件关系的分析中,提出了冷害的概念及歉收年水稻各生育阶段的温度指标,并按照其出现的时间和危害特点划分为
I. Overview In the crop growth period, because of low temperature (0 ℃ to 20 ℃) and affect the growth and development of crops and cause natural disasters to reduce production, called cold damage. Cold and damaging occurred in both north and south of our country, especially in the north. In recent years, several serious chilling years have led to the reduction of grain and soybean in the northeast region by more than 10 billion kilograms. The most serious of them is rice and sorghum, followed by corn , Soybeans, millet, and the second year due to reduced seed quality. Therefore, the chilling effect of crops is one of the natural disasters that affect the broad areas and the large-scale reduction in production. Compared with some foreign countries, our study on the chilling injury started later. In 1964, Zhu Kezhen pointed out the existence of the chilling effect in his article “On Some Characteristics of China’s Climate and Its Relationship with the Production of Food Crops”. In the same year, Feng Shao-yin and Pu Chang-yi analyzed the relationship between rice yield and meteorological conditions in Yanbian area of Jilin Province, and put forward the concept of chilling injury and the temperature index of rice in each harvesting stage in the harvest years. According to their appearance time and characteristics of harm,