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目的描述广州市流动儿童的心理健康状况并探讨其影响因素,为相关部门制定措施改善其心理健康状况,促进其在城市健康成长提供科学的依据。方法采用描述性研究设计,采用分层及便利抽样方法,调查广州市四所公办学校和四所民办学校的626名五、六年级学生(其中流动儿童372例,本地儿童254例)。采用长处和困难问卷(SDQ)测量儿童的心理健康状况。采用Logistic回归方法分析流动儿童心理健康状况影响因素。结果 1)流动儿童的SDQ困难总分为11.58±5.33,高于本地儿童的9.85±5.27,并且在情绪问题维度、多动/注意障碍维度和同伴交往问题维度的得分较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。2)影响流动儿童心理健康状况困难总分及其他维度的因素包括性别、父母育儿态度的一致性、学习成绩。结论与本地儿童相比,流动儿童的心理健康状况较差;女生的心理健康状况优于男生,学习成绩自评越好,父母育儿态度的一致性越高,流动儿童的心理健康状况越好。
Objective To describe the mental health of migrant children in Guangzhou and to explore the influencing factors so as to provide relevant scientific evidences for relevant departments to make measures to improve their mental health status and promote their healthy growth in urban areas. Methods Using descriptive design, stratified and convenience sampling method, 626 Fifth and 6th grade students (including 372 floating children and 254 local children) were investigated in four public schools and four private schools in Guangzhou. Children’s mental health was measured using the Strength of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of mental health of migrant children. Results 1) The total score of SDQ for migrant children was 11.58 ± 5.33, which was higher than that of local children (9.85 ± 5.27), and had a higher score in the dimensions of emotional problems, hyperactivity / attention disorder and peer interaction, with statistically significant differences Significance (P <0.001). 2) Factors that affect the total score and other dimensions of difficulty in mental health of migrant children include gender, consistency of parenting attitude and academic achievement. Conclusion The mental health of migrant children is worse than that of local children. The mental health of girls is better than that of boys. The self-assessment of academic performance is better. The higher the consistency of parenting attitude is, the better the mental health of migrant children.