中小型水闸,一般均按进口、闸室和出口三段平面开敞式布置。上游进口段和下游出口段则按一定的扩散角来布置各种形式的翼墙。在东北、西北及华北“三北”地区,这种布置形式的工程常因冻害而导致破坏。这种开敞式结构,其平面底板和翼墙都与冻土接触,常因承受不均匀的法向冻胀力、切向和水平冻胀力的作用,使闸底板龟裂抬起,或使翼墙倾倒、断裂,从而使渗径短路,最后在冻融和渗流的综合作用下,使工程遭至破坏。从六十年代开始,绥化、海伦、五常等地先后修建了各种型式的“一字闸”,取代了前述布置形式的水闸,不但使冻害问题得到基本解决,而且大 Small and medium-sized sluice gate, generally according to the import, sluice chamber and export three sections open plan layout. The upstream inlet section and the downstream outlet section are arranged with various types of wing walls according to a certain diffusion angle. In the northeast, northwest and north China’s “Three Norths” regions, this type of layout often results in damage caused by frost damage. This open structure, with its flat floor and wing walls in contact with the permafrost, is often lifted by cracking of the sluice floor due to uneven frost heave, tangential and horizontal frost heaving forces, or So that the wing wall dumping, rupture, so that short-circuiting pathways, and finally in the combined effect of freeze-thaw and seepage, the project was destroyed. Since the 1960s, Suihua, Helen, Wuchang and other places have successively built various types of “gates” to replace the sluices of the aforesaid arrangement, which have not only basically solved the problem of frost damage, but also have greatly