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时态与体态反映了说话人与时间的关系,但二者反映时间的不同层面。时态所表达的意义是参照当前的说话人来展现时间视角;体态又与时态密不可分。体态将语境与时间相联系,与时间的分布有关,体现说话人对事件的不同角度,例如事件是否完成。情态用以表达说话人对命题及相关信息的主观态度,并能体现说话人对叙事事件的参与程度。本文从认知语言学的角度分析运动动词go的时态、体态及情态,以及产生的语用效果。
Tense and posture reflect the relationship between speaker and time, but both reflect the different levels of time. The meaning expressed by the tense refers to the current speaker to show the time perspective; the posture is closely related to the tense. Body posture relates the context to the time, which is related to the distribution of time, and reflects the different perspectives of the speaker on the event, for example, whether the event is completed or not. Modality is used to express the speaker’s subjective attitude toward propositions and related information, and to reflect the speaker’s participation in narrative events. This article analyzes the tense, body and modality of the sports verb go and the pragmatic effects produced from the perspective of cognitive linguistics.