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文学有一个统一的前提,即是用语言为材料来塑造形象的艺术,简称语言艺术,非此不为文学;同时文学在这一“类”的共同性下又有着各自的内部差异,从不同角度可见出不同类别,如从时代上分可有古代文学、现代文学、当代文学等,从体裁上分可有诗歌、小说、散文、戏剧文学等,再细分下来,甚至可以说每一作家的每一作品,只要他不是抄袭、因循的创作,那么它都总可以有自己的特色.由于文学确实存在着这样或那样的内部差异,那么从不同角度来探讨这些差异,对于文学研究来说就是有必要的.
Literature has a unified prerequisite, that is, the art of using language as a material to create an image, or simply language art, is not literature, while literature has its own internal differences under the common category of “class” Different categories can be seen from the point of view. For example, ancient literature, modern literature and contemporary literature can be divided from the epoch. Poetry, novels, essays, drama literature, etc. can be subdivided from genre, and even each author can be said As long as he is not plagiarism, follow-through creation, then it can always have its own characteristics.As literature does exist one way or another internal differences, then explore these differences from different angles for the study of literature It is necessary.