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山东是蓝莓种植大省,至2014年底,种植面积约3 000hm2,年产量约为5万t。为探讨山东栽培蓝莓根系内生真菌的菌群组成和分布特点,利用组织分离法从山东4个地区2个蓝莓栽培品种根系中分离内生真菌1 345株。利用形态特征和分子生物学方法鉴定为29属,其中卵菌1属,占0.45%;担子菌2属,占2.15%;子囊菌17属,占31.16%;无性型真菌9属,占60.82%;其余5.42%无法明确鉴定。结果表明:山东省栽培蓝莓根系内生真菌的菌群多样性丰富,其中以镰孢属Fusarium为优势菌群,分离频率为31.67%;木霉属Trichoderma、青霉属Penicillium、枝孢属Cladosporium、涛旋孢属Zalerion是亚优势种群。不同地区栽培蓝莓根系内生真菌的结构和组成存在一定差异。镰孢属Fusarium是2种栽培蓝莓根系内生真菌的优势菌群。多样性指数的分析反映出蓝莓根系内生真菌菌群的多样性水平存在差异,威海“杜克”的多样性指数(H′)和丰富度指数(R)最高,分别为2.835 9和4.264 3,泰安“杜克”的均匀度指数(E)最高,为0.939 1。由相似性原理得出,各地区之间的内生真菌相似性系数处于中等不相似与中等相似之间,威海和青岛之间的内生真菌菌群相似性最高,它们之间的Jaccard指数和Sorenson指数分别为0.57和0.73。
Shandong is a big blueberry planting province. By the end of 2014, the planting area will be about 3 000 hm2 and its annual output will be about 50,000 t. In order to explore the composition and distribution of endophytic fungi in cultivated blueberry in Shandong Province, 1 345 endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots of 2 blueberry cultivars in 4 regions of Shandong by tissue isolation. Among them, 1 genera of Oomycetes (0.45%), 2 genera of Basidiomycetes (2.15%), 17 genera of Ascomycetes (31.16%), 9 genera (60.82%) of asexual fungi, ; The remaining 5.42% can not be clearly identified. The results showed that the endophytic fungi in cultivated blueberry were rich in flora in Shandong Province, of which Fusarium was dominant, with a frequency of 31.67%. Trichoderma, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Isotopes Zalerion is a subdominant population. The structure and composition of endophytic fungi in cultivated blueberry in different regions are different. Fusarium Fusarium is the two dominant cultivated blueberry root endophytic fungi flora. The analysis of diversity index showed that there were differences in the diversity of endophytic fungi in blueberry root. The diversity index (H ’) and abundance index (R) of Weihai “Duke ” were the highest 4.264 3, Tai’an “Duke ” evenness index (E) highest, 0.939 1. From the similarity principle, the similarity coefficient of endophytic fungi among the regions is between moderate dissimilarity and moderate similarity, the endophytic fungi flora between Weihai and Qingdao is the highest, Jaccard index between them and Sorenson index was 0.57 and 0.73 respectively.