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以郑单958为试验材料,设播前深松、4叶期深松处理,以黄淮海地区普遍采用的免耕直播作为对照,分析玉米全生育时期内叶面积指数、净光合速率、叶面积持续期、干物质积累、相对生长率、根系性状以及产量及其构成因素的变化。结果表明,两种深松方式对比,物质生产、光合性能及根系生长方面均差异显著。与免耕直播相比,播前深松可以显著提高玉米拔节期叶面积指数,有效提高吐丝期净光合速率,显著增加拔节期干物重、吐丝期0~100 cm根系总干重以及20~30 cm土层内根系的活力;叶面积持续期、净同化率与相对生长率变化幅度不大。4叶期深松则导致植株的各方面表现较差,营养生长受到限制,叶源不足,叶片早衰。与对照(免耕直播)比较,播前深松增产1.7%,4叶期深松减产11.5%,两种深松方式间差异显著。夏玉米区播前深松具有提升玉米产量的优势,4叶期深松则限制了玉米生长和产量提升。
Taking Zhengdan 958 as the experimental material, we designed the subsoiling pine and 4-leaf deep-rooted pine sowing treatments. Taking the no-tillage and direct seeding as the control in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, the leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate, leaf area Duration, dry matter accumulation, relative growth rate, root traits and yield and its components. The results showed that there were significant differences between the two methods of subsoiling in terms of material production, photosynthetic characteristics and root growth. Compared with no-tillage and direct seeding, the sowing depth before deep pine can significantly increase the leaf area index at jointing stage, effectively increase the net photosynthetic rate at silking stage, significantly increase the dry matter weight at jointing stage, the total dry weight at 0-100 cm of silking stage, ~ 30 cm soil layer. The duration of leaf area, net assimilation rate and relative growth rate did not change much. 4 leaf stage subsoiling led to poor performance in all aspects of the plant, vegetative growth is limited, lack of leaves, leaves premature aging. Compared with the control (no-tillage and direct seeding), the yield was increased by 1.7% before sowing and 11.5% after 4-leaf senescing. The difference between the two subsoiling modes was significant. Summer maize before sowing pine has the advantage of improving corn yield, 4-leaf stage of deep-senescing corn growth and yield growth is limited.