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“水晶宫”是1851年伦敦博览会的展馆,也是现代工业文明的成就和力量的象征。车尔尼雪夫斯基由此得到灵感,相信人的行为无非是追求自己的利益,而经过启蒙的人性可以使其利己主义合理化,人类的未来是像水晶宫一样的理想社会。但陀思妥耶夫斯基认为,在理性和利益之外,人还有愿望、意志、任性等,人性和人类社会都不像水晶宫那样透明,因此,相信人类拥有共同的利益、社会可以实现普遍和谐的信念及其实践,只会否定、消除两者间的差异和人类自由。围绕“水晶宫”所展开的论争开启了科学理性能否解释人类生活以及“乌托邦”能否成立的重要议题,是启蒙与反启蒙两种观念的交锋。
“Crystal Palace ” is an exhibition hall of the 1851 London Exposition, but also a symbol of the achievements and strength of modern industrial civilization. Chernyshevsky is inspired by this and believes that man’s actions are nothing more than the pursuit of his own interests, and his humanity can be rationalized through enlightenment, and the future of mankind is an ideal society like the Crystal Palace. But Dostoevsky believes that people have aspirations, wills, caprices other than reason and interest, and human nature and human society are not as transparent as the Crystal Palace. Therefore, it is believed that mankind has common interests and society can achieve The belief of universal harmony and its practice will only negate and eliminate the differences between them and human freedom. The controversy around “Crystal Palace” opens the important issue of whether scientific rationality can explain human life and whether the “Utopia” can be established. It is a confrontation between the two concepts of enlightenment and anti-enlightenment.