耐药细菌尤其是多耐药、超级耐药细菌的出现,以及由细菌造成的医院感染和暴发流行的发生,不仅严重威胁着人类健康,也造成了医疗资源的浪费,是当今医学界面临的严重挑战。对细菌的正确分型是诊断医院感染、确定暴发流行并采取控制措施的关键。传统的细菌分型方法如细菌的形态特征、染色特 The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, especially multidrug-resistant and super-resistant bacteria, as well as the occurrence of nosocomial infections and outbreaks caused by bacteria not only pose a serious threat to human health, but also result in the waste of medical resources and are now faced by the medical community Serious challenge. Correct typing of bacteria is the key to diagnosing nosocomial infections, identifying outbreaks and taking control measures. Traditional bacterial typing methods such as bacterial morphological characteristics, staining special